Efforts of the Arab League in Resolving the Arab Spring Conflict in Libya and Syria in 2010-2012

The Arab Spring has brought the spirit of democracy in a number of Arab countries, such as in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, and so on. The Arab Spring in Libya and Syria has been the start of a civil conflict that brought misery. The presence of this conflict brought concern for the international world, addressed to the regional organization of the Middle East, the Arab League. It is only natural for regional organizations to participate in resolving member country conflicts. For this reason, this research will find out what the Arab League has done to resolve the conflict. This study will agree to see an experiment carried out by the Arab League during the completion of the Arab Spring in Libya and Syria in 2010-2012. The Arab Spring, around 2010-2012, apart from that conflict which only contained sibling conflicts were maintained. This study uses the concept of conflict resolution by looking at four aspects that must be approved by local organizations in order to resolve conflicts. From the research, it was recognized that the Arab League implemented the No-Flight Zone decision for Libya with UN assistance. Meanwhile, the Arab League in Syria took decisive action to form an assessment freeze that had been approved since the beginning of 2011. The Arab League could fulfill four aspects needed, but in the process in accordance with what made the Arab League to fix existing problems.


INTRODUCTION
Arab League has been established since March 22, 1945, its formation was preceded by a proposal submitted by King Faruk from Egypt (Nuraeini S, Deasy Silvya, 2010). The formation of the Arab league began with the signing of agreements made by five countries namely, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia (Ervan Hardoko, 2018). The signing of the agreement was carried out in the City of Cairo, Egypt. For the five founding countries, the Arab League was formed so that it could become a forum for strengthening cooperation between countries in the Middle East region without worrying if the joining countries would lose their sovereignty (Nuraeini S, Deasy Silvya, 2010). Thus, the Arab League is a regional organization of the Middle East that is coordinative and has an equal position for all member countries.
Member countries that join the Arab League include Arab countries on two continents, namely the Asian and African Continents. Since the five founding countries that formed the Arab League in 1945, until now the Arab League has had 22 member states (Arab League, 2019). After the Second World War was finished many countries began to join this Middle East regional organization, they came and joined because they were interested in the Arab League which was seen as not participating in the running of the governments of their member countries. The purpose and function of the formation of the Arab League contained in Article 2 of the Arab League Pact containing: "The Arab League was formed to create good relations between Arab countries and plan political activities of Arab League member countries, safeguard the independence and sovereignty of Arab League member states, and harmonize the interests of Arab countries that have joined the organization. the Middle East region, the Arab League. " (Yale Law School, 1945).
However, in its development the Arab League has become a medium for preparing important agendas from Arab countries. One of the things that distinguishes it most from other regional organizations is the role of the Arab League to establish educational curricula in schools to teach Arabic history and culture that will be applied in each of its member countries (Agency, 2019). Each member state in the Arab League has obligations stated in the Treaty of Joint Defense and Economic Cooperation which was agreed in 1950. The essence of the agreement is if each member country of the Arab League will provide assistance to every other member of the Arab League when they are attacked (Yale Law School, 1950). Assistance is provided using appropriate means such as funding or military force. Assistance will not only be given to countries that have been attacked but also for countries that have experienced conflicts and have the potential to threaten security for other member countries. This was stated in the Pact of the League of Arab States, which contained: "... the Arab League has the authority to intervene in conflicts between member states in order to maintain peace by peaceful means. The intended way of peace is certain efforts such as mediation and others ... " (Yale Law School, 1945). The participation of the Arab League in conflict resolution can be seen in the case of the Arab Spring.
Arab Spring was the first wave of revolution in Tunisia and began with Mohamed Bouazizi's self-immolation (Agustinova, 2013). Mohamed Bouazizi is a fruit trader who voiced his protest against the cruel regime of President Zein Al-Abidin Ben Ali in Tunisia in December 2010. He felt that if democracy in Tunisia was still not going well so there should be actions that could unite the people to change the Tunisian government, "I burned myself because I felt burning inside." (Lilia Blaise, 2017). This Tunisian youth action then started a wave of revolutions in various Arab countries who also wanted to voice their protest actions against governments that were deemed not in accordance with the wishes of the people, such as in Egypt, Libya, Yemen, Bahrain and Syria (Tariq Tahir, 2018). In the process, these protests were then able to bring change in a number of countries that had succeeded in overthrowing leaders who had long been in power in their countries.
The first Arab Spring in Tunisia aroused civilian power through the people power movement which opposed the Ben Ali government regime after the self-immolation by Bouazizi (Nurbaniti, 2018). According to Apriadi, quoted by Agustinova, Tunisia is a country that has implemented a multiparty system since being free from France and becoming a Republic of Tunisia with its first president Habib Bourguiba who has ruled for 30 years since 1957 (Agustinova, 2013). The Ben Ali authoritarian regime began in 1987 after the overthrow of Bourguiba, until finally Ben Ali withdrew on January 14, 2011 and fled with his family to Saudi Arabia to avoid the demands of the Tunisian people for 23 years of power (Nurbaniti, 2018).
The next Arab Spring country is Egypt, just like Tunisia this country also adopted a multiparty system after the 1952 revolution that brought down King Farouk and was replaced by a president. Egypt since 1981 has been under the authoritarian rule of President Hosni Mubarak until his overthrow in 2011 (Agustinova, 2013). Mubarak has created poverty, corruption and high unemployment in Egypt (Tariq Tahir, 2018). Civil society revolt for 18 days in January and February 2011 succeeded in making Mubarak resign from his position which was later replaced by Salafi Al-Nour who won parliamentary elections that year (Tariq Tahir, 2018).
In contrast to Tunisia and Egypt which succeeded in using people power or the power of civil society to resolve their conflicts, Libya experienced difficulties when fighting the Muammar regime of Mohammed Abu Minyar Al-Gaddafi (Khadaffi) who had been in power for 40 years since 1969 (Agustinova, 2013). Khadaffi is a Libyan revolutionary figure who succeeded in overthrowing the government of King Idris and forming the Arab Republic of Libya in 1969(Trial International, 2016. Civilians in 2011 who were protesting in the eastern city of Benghazi had to confront Khadaffi's security forces (Tariq Tahir, 2018). This conflict is described as a civil conflict in Libya, where the division of civil society in opposition with the pro-government security apparatus. In Benghazi there was only one hospital while the injured had reached 900 people and there were around 2000 bodies due to ground attacks by Khadaffi's security forces (Ginanjar, Nangoy, 2011). One of the doctors on duty in the field, Al-Harris Al-Barqawi said if: "They are firing at the time of using weapons of heavy and heavy. Special forces and soldiers deliberately opened fire on the streets " (Ginasnjar, Nangoy, 2011). This conflict began to look like a massacre.
Not only Libya is having difficulty overthrowing his country's regime, Syria is also experiencing the same thing. The wave of revolutions from Tunisia and Egypt certainly inspired Syrian pro-democracy activists to depose President Bashar Al-Assad, who has ruled since 2000. Assad is seen as having restricted freedom and committed acts of corruption that harm Syria (Tariq Tahir, 2018). In March 2011 hundreds of thousands of Syrians protested on the road supported by the formation of the Syrian Liberation Army by military defectors (Matamatapolitik, 2019). This action was opposed by Assad by moving the government security forces which ended with the capture of the opposition and also the shooting (Reuters, 2018). In July 2011 the demonstrators began using weapons to defend themselves, since then the demonstration turned into an act of rebellion (Reuters, 2018). This action was later also known as the incident in Libya, namely the civil conflict. January 2012, for the first time the Syrian brothers' conflict uses chemical weapons (Tariq Tahir, 2018). A bomb was directed towards the Syrian capital, Damascus, the bomb came from the Al-Nusra Front or also known as Al-Qaeda Syria. He wants Syria to become an Islamic state so that it supports a regime downturn but also does not side with nationalist community groups (Reuters, 2018). Al-Nusra Front again carried out a bombing in the Capital City using a suicide bombing in May 2012, this incident killed 55 people with 372 others injured (Poskota News, 2012).
Arab Spring revolution has made changes to a number of countries that have succeeded in overthrowing a long-standing regime. However, for a number of countries, especially Libya and Syria, the Arab Spring is the beginning of a series of nightmares. The conflict between the Libyan and Syrian brothers has certainly attracted a lot of international attention or even attracted the attention of neighboring countries. Libya and Syria are part of the Arab League, regional organizations such as the Arab League should have played their part in resolving internal conflicts in member states that would have an effect on the security of the region.

RESEARCH METHOD
Etymologically the conflict comes from the Latin Configure which means hitting each other. There are several opinions from experts such as from Antonisius who argue that conflict is an action taken by one party that results in blocking, inhibiting, disturbing other parties, where it can occur between community groups or in interpersonal relations (Fitri, 2010 ). This is in line with the opinion expressed by Morton Deutsch, a conflict resolution education pioneer who believes that conflict, social interaction between individuals or groups is more influenced by differences than an equation (Fitri, 2010). Through the understanding of conflict, it is known that there is a concept of conflict resolution that can explain and provide solutions in conflict resolution. According to experts conflict resolution has many different define. Levine defines conflict resolution as the act of breaking down a problem, solving, eliminating or eliminating the problem (Fitri, 2010). Whereas Weitzman in the work of Morton and Coleman, defines conflict resolution as a joint problemsolving action (Fitri, 2010). Other scientists have the opinion that conflict resolution is an attempt to deal with the causes of conflict and try to build a long lasting relationship between hostile groups. From some definitions presented by experts on conflict resolution, it can be concluded that conflict resolution is an individual way to resolve the problem being faced with other individuals voluntarily. In conflict resolution it is recommended to use a variety of democratic and constructive ways in order to be able to resolve conflicts in the hope of giving the conflicting parties an opportunity to resolve their problems on their own or perhaps by involving a wiser, neutral and fair third party by hope can help the parties in conflict to solve the problem. One third party that can solve problems is a regional organization. Usually problems from members of an area will be effective if resolved by local organizations. This is because there is a common identity, fate, history, state of the state, and so on that can form a shared understanding so that they can jointly resolve the existing conflict. In the concept of conflict resolution, there are four aspects that must be possessed by a regional organization to be able to resolve the conflicts of its member countries, namely:

Legitimacy
Legitimacy according to the explanation from David Easton (in Alonso, Sonia, Keane, John and Merkel, 2011) is a belief of community members who obey and accept all policies that have been decided or agreed upon by the authorities of a regime in written form. Legitimacy has strong ties or is related to leaders / government and the people they lead. With this explanation the conclusion can be drawn that legitimacy is an acceptance and public recognition of the authority and power of leaders to govern, make, and to carry out political decisions (Samsa, 2019). Legitimacy is important for a regional organization because it provides a clear legal position for the organization to interfere in managing its member states. If there is no legitimacy then there will not be any rights for regional organizations to manage member countries.

Enforcement
Enforcement is also important for a regional organization to resolve conflicts. Enforcement can be done by a regional organization to interfere in the resolution of conflicts in its member countries. Enforcement is divided into two, namely coercive (forced) and non-coercive (non-coercive) conflict enforcement. Forcibly, regional organizations can resolve conflicts by embargoing, removing conflicting countries, freezing membership status or sending peacekeepers. Non-coercive conflict resolution can be done through mediation, negotiation, and so on, in this case regional organizations can act as facilitators of peace.

Resources
Resources are needed for a regional organization to resolve existing conflicts. Resources needed include organizational funds, having a peacekeeping force, army or police security organization, and having the power to be able to interfere in resolving conflicts in its member countries.

Legality
Legality is a recognition given by the United Nations (UN) to a regional organization. Apart from official recognition, the UN can recognize the existence of these regional organizations when receiving their votes in the UN forum. Regional organizations are also recognized if their existence has been given power by the United Nations to be able to resolve conflicts in the region independently or through UN resolutions requested by regional organizations themselves.
The author uses the concept of conflict resolution as a knife of analysis to dissect the problem formulation of the study, "Efforts of The Arab League in Resolving the Arab Spring Conflict in Libya and Syria in 2010-2012". The concept of conflict resolution by the author has been seen to be the most appropriate concept to uncover the formulation of the problem and achieve the objectives of this study. The author believes that four aspects that must be possessed by regional organizations to resolve conflicts, have become an appropriate benchmark to see the efforts and success of the Arab League in its efforts to resolve the Arab Spring conflict in Libya and Syria in 2010-2012.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
To be able to provide conflict resolution, the Arab League must complete four aspects which include, legitimacy, enforcement, resources, and legality. Through the fulfillment of these four aspects, it will be seen the efforts and successes of the efforts made by the Arab League to resolve the Arab Spring conflict in Libya and Syria in 2010-2012. The following is an explanation related to the completeness of the Arab League in meeting these four aspects:

Legitimacy Arab League Legitimacy by Member States
Generally the term legitimacy is associated with the existence of justification of authority. Justification for the term refers to the understanding of the binding force for decision makers in implementing authoritarian rules. The legitimacy is also considered as the principle of acceptance of decisions made by government leaders where it is based on procedures that have been generally and politically and morally appropriate (Rüdiger Wolfrum, 2008, pp. 1-2). Legitimacy has a normative meaning. The purpose is to know that the institution is normatively legitimate, so the institution has the right to regulate, the stipulation of rules which will then guarantee the implementation of compliance with the rules that have been made due to sanctions in the event of a violation. Sociologically, an institution is said to be legitimate if it is believed to have the authority to regulate (Rüdiger Wolfrum, 2008, pp. 34-40). In the Arab League, Legitimacy towards the Membership of the Arab League is regulated in the Arab League Charter article 1 which contains: "The Arab League consists of an independent Arab state that signed this charter. Every free country (independent) has the right to become a member of the Arab League. If you wish to do so, then the country can submit a request to the Permanent General Secretariat and be submitted to Board at the first League meeting held after the submission of the request. Member countries that join the Arab League include Arab countries on two continents, namely the Asian and African Continents. Since the five founding countries that formed the Arab League in 1945, until now the Arab League has had 22 member states (Arab League, 2019).
In 1945 Arab countries signed the Arab League Pact which shows the establishment of the Arab League followed by Syria joining the Arab League membership in the same year. The joining of Libya into the Arab League occurred 2 years after the Arab League was established, namely in 1947. Thus, it can be concluded if Syria and Libya have recognized the existence of a regional organization in the Middle East region namely the Arab League.

Enforcement
Coercion or intervention carried out by regional organizations can simply be interpreted as interfering in another country or it could be in dealing with other countries by using force such as the threat of force itself (Garner, 1999, p. 826). Enforcement is divided into two, namely coercive (forced) and non-coercive (noncoercive) conflict enforcement. Forcibly, regional organizations can resolve conflicts by embargoing, removing conflicting countries, freezing membership status or sending peacekeepers. Non-coercive conflict resolution can be done through mediation, negotiation, and so on, in this case regional organizations can act as facilitators of peace.
Collective interventions carried out on the mandate of the UN Security Council that are allowed and regulated in the UN Charter begin with the provisions of Article 39. Based on the provisions of Article 39, the Security Council will first determine whether there is a threat to peace, violations of peace and acts of aggression in the future take action in order to maintain or restore international peace and security (Thomas M. Franck, 2018, p. 20). According to Chapter VII of the Charter, the Security Council can impose sanctions on UN member states in 3 ways, namely: First, if a country is taking actions that threaten peace; Second, if there are countries that violate peace; and Third, if one country launches aggression against another country. Furthermore, the Security Council decides that there is a state action that threatens peace, violates peace and aggression, the Security Council can take coercive measures as stipulated in Chapter VII of the Charter, from the imposition of an embargo on the country to the imposition of military sanctions.
Arab League in decision making in the Arab League the most important is the voting system. If several unresolved issues are found, the next stage of decision making will be carried out, namely by using a consensus system. In a number of circumstances such as urgent, important and serious issues that require prompt handling, domestic legal principles will be used, in which the Arab League member countries have the right to make a final decision. The Arab League's decision making process is based on negotiations between members of the Arab League. This organization gives an equal position to each of its member countries so that the organization is coordinative. National sovereignty of member states above all else so that decisions or resolutions produced do not have a coercive mechanism (Dhimas Ardhiyanto, 2014). If there is a conflict in one of the Arab league countries, the country can present the existing problems to be discussed in the High Level Conference forum (Summit). But prior to the convening of a High-Level Conference forum, there will be one party who gives a suggestion that the conflict can be brought to the High-Level Conference forum.

Arab League Enforcement in Libya
During the 2011 Arab Spring in Libya the Arab League decided to reduce sanctions in the Khadaffi overthrow mission (DALACOURA, 2005). The inactivity of Libya from all over the Arab world and the international community due to Khadaffi's relations with her Arab herd is strained. Khadaffi refused to negotiate with the demonstrators or the opposition with his government (detikNews, 2011). Therefore, the Arab League supports international efforts to intervene in Libya, the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) which is the Gulf League Cooperation Council in the Arab League is calling for the No-Flight Zone over Libya. The GCC called on the Arab League to take action. The Arab League finally submitted the GCC's advice to the United Nations by holding a meeting. The meeting was only attended by eleven of twenty-two members of the Arab League. Of the eleven, the majority are GCC members, indicating that the intervention was, effectively, the GCC move imposed on the League. Until finally the UN Security Council has approved a no-fly zone over the territory of Libya which is useful to protect civilians and rebels from air attacks by the Libyan government. a ban on all flights where this resolution authorizes UN member states to take all necessary steps to protect civilians, deep concern with the worsening situation in Libya (Ethan Bronner and David E. Sanger, 2011). The application of the no-fly zone in Libya is based on Article 42 of the UN Charter and in its implementation was given authorization by Security Council Resolution 1973. The Arab League then partnered with the NATO coalition to uphold the 1973 UNSC.
On September 26, 2011, sixteen countries agreed to provide air assets and surprise attacks left behind in support of this operation, including Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Greece, Italy, Jordan, the Netherlands, Norway, Qatar, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and America. This effort is complemented by NATO's AWACS for surveillance and surveillance aircraft. On October 20, 2011, the Libyan National Transition Force (NTC) together with NATO carried out an attack on the Khadaffi convoy (Rizki Gunawan, 2014). This attack ended with the death of Khadaffi who was hit in the head. Khadaffi who was killed brought victory for the Arab League while ending the 42-year-old Khadaffi's regime in Libya (Agustinova, 2013). This time the Arab League succeeded in meeting world expectations and becoming the voice of the Arab people in international conflicts.
The League's decision to support intervention and bring itself, as an institution, into the equation means that the goals and interests of external actors involved in the crisis, regional and international, are interrelated: victory in Libya for NATO is equated with victory for the League, for the country its member states and to the Arab world in general. In other words, for the first time, the League was actually able to meet the expectations of the Arab world and, in the process, become the voice of the Arab people in international conflicts (Alex J. Bellamy, 2017).

Arab League Enforcement in Syria
Widespread demonstrations in Syria attracted the attention of the Arab League as a regional organization. The Arab League reacted by seeing if the Assad regime had aggravated the situation. The Arab League's initiative on the Syrian conflict was reflected in the Arab League forum at the Ministerial level meeting on 16 October 2011. The final decision was to freeze Syrian membership in the Arab League on 12 November 2011 because the Syrian Government in Syria had failed to prevent and stop violence against civilians ( Müjge, 2012).
With the decision taken above, the Arab League has changed the traditions and values that have long been adhered to in the Arab League that has been implemented. The interference of the Arab League in the problems inside Syria. The Arab League also did not make decisions through the principle of consensus in freezing Syrian government membership of the organization. And the Arab League also gave the Syrian government delegation seats the right to the opposition which could be mentioned as a form of intervention on the problems that have occurred in Syria (Müjge, 2012, p. 2). The Arab League also provides full support in the military field by providing weapons assistance to strengthen the military of the Syrian opposition group (Müjge, 2012). The Arab League's decision to freeze Syria's membership status still does not resolve the civil conflict in Syria, this is due to the inclusion of a third party namely Al-Nusra Front (Reuters, 2018). He wants Syria to become an Islamic state so that it supports a regime downturn but also does not side with nationalist community groups (Reuters, 2018). This causes conflicts to become more complicated and difficult to handle.

Arab League Peace Forces
The achievements of the Arab League in conflict resolution in the form of civil war are generally disappointing (Alifian Maulana Nanda Pradana, 2018). The Arab League Organization was formed to maintain the sovereignty of each of its member countries. In the organization of the Arab League in 1950, a military agreement had been made stating that aggression against an Arab state meant aggression against all members and would be dealt with together (Alifian Maulana Nanda Pradana, 2018). But on the other hand, there are rules that the League is prohibited from using military force among member states. In another article it is also stated that if there is an act of aggression between member states, the League must face it with the agreement of all members (Alifian Maulana Nanda Pradana, 2018).
The Arab League has a contradiction in it, namely whether aggression can be dealt with with weapons, while in the previous article the prohibition on the use of weapons was mentioned (Alifian Maulana Nanda Pradana, 2018). However, with existing regulations, so far the Arab League has succeeded in mediating 12% of conflicts in the Arab World, even though only 7 of 77 conflicts were successfully resolved in the period 1945-1981(Alifian Maulana Nanda Pradana, 2018. In general, the Arab League organizations really do not want to interfere in the domestic affairs of other countries in the hope of maintaining their own borders so they are not interfered with by other countries (Nasur, 2017). In addition, organizationally, the Arab League does not practice democratic principles and often experience foreign intervention so that it is unable to make unilateral decisions in the interests of the Arab countries themselves (Nasur, 2017). In the case of Libya, for example, the Arab League involved NATO. In Syria, the Arab League did not send peacekeeping troops, but provided weapons to strengthen the military of the Syrian opposition (Müjge, 2012).

Arab League Funding
The Middle East is the region that has the largest oil and gas, as proven in 2007 this region produced 36.7% of the world's crude oil production (Mustafa Balat, 2016). The source of funding received by the Arab League comes from the contribution of oil sales profits, because oil is the largest income owned by the Arabs. In addition to getting donations from the sale of Oil and Gas, the Arab League also received income derived from payment of the Arab League members' taxes. Although there have been funds derived from donations as well as members' taxes, the Arab League in providing financial assistance to member countries that are experiencing conflicts still attract different donations. The aim is to maximize the assistance that will be provided.
The Arab League works cooperatively with member countries that are rich in oil. Especially, countries in the Persian Gulf and other countries that have large populations (Mustafa Balat, 2016). The Arab League did this to maintain the common defense of the member states. There are a combination of six countries namely Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, the United Arab Emirates which are members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) and were formed in 1981. These 6 countries are the countries with the highest income per capita in the Middle East. With the economic development in Arab countries thanks to oil, imported goods have also increased. That way, there will be an increase in investment in real estate, infrastructure and manufacturing. The GCC relies on the US for defense and security matters by carrying out imports of US-produced weapons. In the Arab Spring era (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), the GCC imported 200% more weapons with Saudi Arabia and Qatar, which were the largest arms importing countries (The New Arab, 2016). The role of the GCC itself was seen when it urged the Arab League to bring the issue of Libya to the United Nations, and it ended with the establishment of a No-Flight Zone over Libya.

The Power of the Arab League as a Regional Organization
The main idea that the Arab League has as a regional organization is as a forum for cooperation in solving common problems that occur within the scope of the members of the Arab League and also, helping members to become independent states. The aim was pursued through several tasks of the Arab League (Nasur, 2017).
Indeed, the tasks above can be seen if the Arab League has limitations in using its power. This organization cannot use violence to resolve conflicts. The results of the Arab League decision through unanimous voting will be immediately approved. However, if a decision is taken by consensus then it will only apply to countries that approve it. Therefore, the Arab League decision is not coercive and tends to be easy to break.
The Arab League is a regional organization whose members are in the Arab lands. This regional organization has received recognition from the United Nations. The Arab League is a regional organization that has received recognition from the United Nations. because it has been stated or written in the UN charter article 52-54, which generally explains that there is no rejection from the UN for the existence of regional organizations, insofar as a regional organization can create, maintain and maintain world security and peace, especially at the regional level in accordance with what is stated in chapter 1 of the UN charter article I paragraph 2 (Mulyana, 2015, p. 8). As well as having a full effort to apply the principles of peaceful dispute resolution as stated in chapter VI of the UN charter with the assistance of the security council. From the charter it can be concluded that, the regional organization of the Arab League has received recognition from the United Nations, because the regional organization of the Arab League is able to resolve several conflicts that occur in member countries of the Arab League. Like the conflict that was able to be resolved by the Arab League in Libya with UN assistance, namely the adoption of a resolution containing the No-Flight Zone (no-fly zone) above Libya.

CONCLUSION
Through the presentation of the results of research and discussion, it is known that the Arab League has made several efforts to resolve the Arab Spring conflict in Libya and Syria. First, the Arab League as a regional organization recognized by the United Nations submitted a request for assistance to the UN to resolve the conflict in Libya. The UN then issued a resolution to establish the No-Flight Zone (no-fly zone) above Libya. This resolution succeeded with Khadaffi's fullest outcome in 2011 giving victory to the opposition in Libya and giving success to the Arab League in its efforts to resolve the Libyan conflict. Secondly, the Arab League as an organization recognized by its member states set a freeze on Syrian membership in 2011. The Arab League acted decisively to resolve the conflict in Syria, as an organization that has resources the Arab League also provides assistance to the opposition in Syria in the form of arms support. However, there was a third party that emerged in early 2012, namely the entry of a third party, Al-Nusra Front. They want Syria to become an Islamic state and cause conflict to become more complicated and difficult to handle. Efforts made by the Arab League fall into the coercive category, namely forcing related countries to stop taking action. The Arab League cannot do so in a non-coercive way because no one wants to meet (negotiation, mediation) to discuss the conflict. Thus, it is known that the Arab League fulfills the four aspects that must be owned by regional organizations to resolve conflicts, but in the process there are indeed some obstacles that slow the Arab League to deal with existing problems.