Social Service and Community Social Worker Program for Empowerment Homeless and Beggars in Yogyakarta

This study aims to determine the Social Service and Community Social Workers efforts to empower the homeless and beggars in Yogyakarta. Data analysis techniques with NVivo 12 Plus software helps in efficient qualitative research. This research focuses on the Office of Social Affairs and Community Social Workers empowering the homeless and beggars in Yogyakarta. The data used are primary data through interviews with the Office of Social Affairs and Community Social Workers and secondary data from various documents on the empowerment of girdles and beggars. The results reduced social disparities with multiple activities: counselling, counselling, training, and policing—Office of Social Affairs and Community Social Workers. The Office of Social Affairs and Community Social Workers provide training such as screen printing, haircuts; if the beggar is still a teenager, then he is put in a youth development centre and fostered within three to four days; training activities are in the form of making various types of handicrafts. Counselling and counselling in reducing the number of beggars and homeless people in Yogyakarta have been going well. Homeless people and beggars are regulated in the Yogyakarta Special Region Regulation Number 1 of 2014, prohibiting money from homeless people and beggars.


INTRODUCTION
Homelessness and beggars are social phenomena that require a severe response from the government and are increasingly concerned about (Anggriana, 2016). This social phenomenon is a phenomenon that usually occurs in big cities (Murni, 2016). Homelessness and beggars are phenomena in the spotlight in every region in all regions, including the city of Yogyakarta, causing losses and inconvenient views (Marsanti, 2020). This problem is a burden in national development, so efforts are needed to reduce social inequality; the portrait of Gepeng is a picture of poverty seen in cities and is caused by low economic factors and the many urgent needs (Ali et al., 2021). The poverty rate in the Special Region of Yogyakarta can be high, even higher than the poverty rate at the national level. This happens because of the gap between the levels of economic welfare in each region (Wahyuni, 2017). Social welfare refers to increasing happiness for each individual, group, and society as a whole by solving social problems through activities that are healing and preventing the emergence of social issues such as poverty (Yurizal, 2020).
Poverty is a social problem faced in developing countries; the state seems unable to overcome poverty. Solving poverty will involve interference from the state to build unions between countries (Fadri, 2019). The poverty that occurs in Indonesia is closely related to employment. Namely, the large number of unemployed; people who do not have a job will experience economic difficulties in fulfilling their life needs, leading to other problems, namely not being able to get access to health, education, and various skills used as capital, early in getting a job (Rohmaniyati, 2016). Population growth is one of the factors causing the increase in diverse needs (Ikmal, 2019). Many poor people have an impact on other social welfare, such as the rise of homeless people and beggars. This problem occurs where his inability to meet the needs for clothing, food, shelter, education and health begins with difficulties meeting basic needs for education and work (Andari, 2018).
The problems of homelessness and beggars in Yogyakarta City are regulated in Regional Regulation No.1 of 2014 concerning the handling of homeless people and beggars in the efforts of the welfare of the people of Yogyakarta City and with the hope of preventing various environmental and social problems such as violence, harassment, discrimination, and crime (Nining Marsanti, 2020). Community Social Workers are members of the community who, based on a sense of social awareness and responsibility and are driven by a sense of togetherness, kinship, and social solidarity, voluntarily serve in social welfare (Bidaya, 2020). Controlling vagabonds and beggars requires cooperation in achieving social goals (Cristian Perez, 2018). Programs carried out by the government in maintaining nomads and penguins are an aspect of the success of the government in creating equality in society (Perianto, 2018).
Data on street children from the Yogyakarta Special Region Provincial Development Planning Agency (Bappeda) recorded 67 children in 2018-2019, while there were 190 homeless people and 134 beggars (Khairunnisa et al., 2020). The poverty rate in Yogyakarta City is relatively high, which is around 11.8%, above the national average of 9.66%, which causes fatal economic difficulties and can lead to crimes to get money. Various limitations in employment opportunities and low skills result in someone choosing to beg in public places. This problem attracts the attention of the public and government to deal with this problem. (Khairunnisa et al., 2020). The empowerment of vagrants and beggars can be carried out through training, counselling, and counselling (Yurizal, 2020). All people have the same rights in a decent life; this feasibility can be seen from the fulfilment of physical needs, namely eating, drinking, shelter, and health, as well as fulfilling spiritual needs such as the fulfilment of security, knowledge, socialization involvement with other communities and free choice trust (Soetji, 2018). This study aims to determine the Office of Social Affairs and Community Social Workers role in dealing with the problem of homeless people and beggars who are considered to spoil the urban landscape in Yogyakarta City.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research uses a qualitative research method, a case study design, to carry out investigations and analyze in detail the form of process events, programs, and activities involving groups and individuals (Creswell, 2018). This research focuses on the efforts of the Office of Social Affairs and Community Social Workers in empowering the homeless and beggars in the city of Yogyakarta. The data used are primary data through interviews with the Head of Social Empowerment and Community Social Workers and secondary data from various documents on the empowerment of girdles and beggars in Yogyakarta City. The data analysis technique uses the NVivo12 Plus software, which helps in efficient qualitative research.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Empowerment of homeless people and beggars can be carried out by controlling, training, counselling, and counselling (Yurizal, 2020). Steps in reducing homelessness and beggars in realizing a peaceful social life with mental health (Banerjee, 2020). Handling homeless people and beggars require encouragement and cooperation with various organizations related to colonial society (Cristian Perez, 2018). Social models can respond to social phenomena, and high awareness is an even social action (Kata, 2018). The phenomenon of homeless and beggars is a social problem experienced by various countries, including Indonesia, which is an activity to make a living by relying on pity from the surrounding community and has the potential to harm oneself (Bahfiarti et al., 2019).
Protection as a social being is a right owned by everyone (Rahmadanita, 2019). Problems that arise amid social life are phenomena whose results are resolved wisely without discrimination (Manik et al., 2016). Homeless people and beggars have the same rights in the complex structure of life (Banerjee, 2020). The care given to homeless people and beggars is an excellent response to social phenomena that can provide better social change (Zefianningsih et al., 2016). Herpita Wahyuni, Suswanto, Danang Eko Prastya, Social Service and Community Social Worker Program for Empowerement Homeless and Beggars in Yogyakarta, JSSP, Vol. 5, No. 2, December 31, 2021 233 Implementation of training will provide homeless people and beggars opportunities to produce work that can be used to meet their daily needs, and carrying out counselling for homeless people and beggars will open their minds and gain motivation that will lead to awareness to continue living better. Empowerment will have a positive impact in reducing social inequalities. The findings from the research results in empowering homeless people and beggars in the city of Yogyakarta can be obtained from the effects of data management with the NVivo 12 Plus analysis, the Crosstab Query feature, which produces a score from the Social Service in counselling and counselling activities of 30.00%, implementation of control with a score of 33.00% the performance of training was 36.00%. While implementing Community Social Workers in counselling and counselling, policing and training, each received a score of 33.00%. The percentage of figures shows a role or performance in program implementation. The empowerment of homeless people and beggars can be seen in Figure 1. All people have the same rights in a decent life; this feasibility can be seen from the fulfilment of physical needs, namely eating, drinking, shelter, and health, as well as fulfilling spiritual needs such as the fulfilment of security, knowledge, socialization involvement with other communities and free choice-trust (Novianta, 2018). Homelessness and beggars are traditions that negatively impact if they are overcome (Fadri, 2019). Homelessness and beggars are still a burden on national development and are expected to provide the right solution (Zefianningsih et al., 2016). The Indonesian government has plans to tackle poverty alleviation, including overcoming homeless people and beggars (Damayanti, 2015). Control of homeless people and beggars cannot be separated from government control so that developments and stages can be adequately controlled (Bahfiarti et al., 2019).
Homelessness and beggars are social phenomena in big cities caused by high growth rates and the inability to fulfil daily life (Murni, 2016). The flow of change and the increased flow of urbanization impact the socio-economy (Fadillah, 2017). The imbalance between life in human resource development is a factor that causes weak growth (Suri, 2017). A short life such as homeless people and beggars is a social life that does not have a sense of security, freedom, and lack of social protection (Fadillah, 2017). The harsh life of being homeless and beggars makes it impossible to have a sense of security and a lack of attention from the surrounding environment (Perianto, 2018). Controls carried out by related parties will review the success in reducing Herpita Wahyuni, Suswanto, Danang Eko Prastya, Social Service and Community Social Worker Program for Empowerement Homeless and Beggars in Yogyakarta, JSSP, Vol. 5, No. 2, December 31, 2021 234 homelessness and beggars (Thamrin, 2018). Control of the program supports realizing goals and creating social trust from homeless people and beggars to the government or institutions (Noviariza, 2018). Life as a vagrant and a beggar will cause social problems such as the difficulty of living with a family, a lack of a sense of freedom, and social issues that can cause unrest in social life (Nasution, 2016). Homeless people and beggars often interfere with community activities on the highway, damage the city's beauty, and lead to criminal cases such as stealing to pickpocketing (Sari, 2020). Homeless people and beggars are social problems that must be solved to create a just life (Nusanto, 2017). Social creatures such as homeless people and beggars need support from various parties to continue a better life through the different protection and empowerment activities provided (Thamrin, 2018). The support provided will impact homeless people and beggars (Kunti Fadiliyah, 2020).
Activities provided by institutions or communities can protect training and counselling activities by homeless people and beggars (Kata, 2018). The training given to homeless people and beggars is a form of social concern for the social phenomena they are facing (Thamrin, 2018). The training provided by the government in dealing with social phenomena, namely homeless people and beggars, is a response from both the government and social institutions (Noviariza, 2018). The empowerment of vagrants and beggars is a social exception to the problems at hand (Gowda et al., 2017). Success in reducing homelessness and beggars is the hope of the community in achieving a decent and sufficient life (Ikmal, 2019).
Homeless people and beggars have the same rights in obtaining a decent living; homeless people and beggars in the city of Yogyakarta have been regulated in Regional Regulation No.1 of 2014 concerning the handling of homeless people and beggars in the efforts of the welfare of the people of the city of Yogyakarta and with the hope of preventing various environmental and social problems such as the existence of violence, harassment, discrimination, and crime (Fadri, 2019). This law shows an era of protection for homeless people and beggars in social conditions that experience inequality. The implementation of the Social Service to reduce homelessness and beggars in the city of Yogyakarta with the performance of counselling and counselling obtained a score of 30.00% of the data shows that there are active activities in handling homeless people and beggars. The Social Service provides counselling to beggars about the prohibition against begging in Yogyakarta City to place banners on the streets and other public spaces.
The Regional Regulation regulating homeless people and beggars is the Yogyakarta Special Region Regulation Number 1 of 2014. It governs and explains that it is prohibited to give money to homeless people and beggars. However, many people do not understand this, and even people already know that regulations govern it. However, because of a call of conscience, people still provide sustenance for them. Control is one of the efforts made before the implementation of training; in training, an effort carried out by the Social Service, the results of which are obtained score 33.00%. The Social Service, in this step, takes an approach by leading the beggars slowly by meeting them and asking them to clean their hands, but sometimes there are gaps they escape; beggars often mistreat the officers in the Social Service. The rise of beggars in Yogyakarta City takes many forms, such as grandparents, small children, mothers carrying babies, and disabled people.
Protection as a social being is a right owned by everyone (Rahmadanita, 2019). Problems that arise amid social life are phenomena whose results are resolved wisely without discrimination (Manik et al., 2016). Homeless people and beggars have the same rights in the complex structure of life (Banerjee, 2020). Social creatures such as Herpita Wahyuni, Suswanto, Danang Eko Prastya, Social Service and Community Social Worker Program for Empowerement Homeless and Beggars in Yogyakarta, JSSP, Vol. 5, No. 2, December 31, 2021 235 homeless people and beggars need support from various parties to continue a better life through the different protection and empowerment activities provided (Cristian, 2018). The support provided will impact homeless people and beggars (Rohmaniyati, 2016). Reducing homelessness and beggars will create a clean and orderly urban order (Nining, 2020). Sharing the kinds of beggars, some bring rented babies, pretend to be disabled, and others. The implementation of this control often experiences several obstacles, namely the absence of synchronization between the Social Service, the Civil Service Police Unit, and the community. Especially the most difficult thing is a society that is not yet united in eradicating homeless people and beggars. Homelessness and beggars in Yogyakarta are not all native inhabitants of Yogyakarta because Yogyakarta is a city known as a city of students and a tourist city that attracts visitors, so not everyone understands the Regional Regulation on beggars in Yogyakarta, so this is an inhibiting factor in tackling beggars. Control of homeless people and other beggars, namely providing nursing home services for the elderly and groups with disabilities who need assistance.
Activities provided by institutions or communities can protect training and counselling activities by homeless people and beggars (Kata, 2018). The training given to homeless people and beggars is a form of social concern for the social phenomena they are facing (Thamrin, 2018). The training provided by the government in dealing with social phenomena, namely homeless people and beggars, is a response from both the government and social institutions (Noviariza, 2018). The empowerment of vagrants and beggars is a social exception to the problems at hand (Gowda et al., 2017). Success in reducing homelessness and beggars is the hope of the community in achieving a decent and sufficient life (Ikmal, 2019).
Training is an essential strategy in implementing empowerment for homeless people and beggars. To overcome this social problem, efforts must be made to build creativity in homeless people and beggars. Based on the results of the training conducted by the Social Service, the score was 36.00%. The data shows good numbers because, to empower homeless people and beggars in Yogyakarta City, the Social Service has conducted training and fostered within three to 4 days, training activities in the form of making various types of crafts and the Social Service also provides a little capital to be used as business capital in the future so that can be more independent and have a decent job. The social service also collaborates with the Bekasi Social Service in reducing beggars, every year there is a program in collaboration with the Bekasi Social Service program, the Social Service is welcome to send Gepeng from the city of Yogyakarta to be shipped to Bekasi and receive training within six months so that it gets guidance and assistance.
Homeless people and beggars need special assistance in positively impacting their lives (Imsiyah et al., 2020). The assistance provided is a strategy in reducing homelessness and beggars with joint awareness efforts (Kunyati et al., 2020). The care given to homeless people and beggars is an excellent response to social phenomena that can provide better social change (Zefianningsih et al., 2016). Assistance is a form of approach that is given directly in realizing social justice amid society without discrimination between groups (Manik et al., 2016). Assistance will create a closeness that allows recognition of desires (Soetji Andari, 2018). Programs carried out by the government in controlling nomads and penguins are an aspect of the government's success in creating equality in society (Perianto, 2018).
The empowerment of sparks and beggars requires government or other social institutions to create clean and healthy city governance (Khakim et al., 2020). The training provided is the development of human resources in creating work that can Herpita Wahyuni, Suswanto, Danang Eko Prastya, Social Service and Community Social Worker Program for Empowerement Homeless and Beggars in Yogyakarta, JSSP, Vol. 5, No. 2, December 31, 2021 236 obtain results and generate money for a living (Bharoto et al., 2020). The training will reveal skills and reliable human resource development (Imsiyah et al., 2020). The movement will have a good impact on changing the lives of homeless people and beggars for the next life (Gowda et al., 2017). The empowerment of cultivators and beggars requires a good approach and control of the activities (Ume Laila et al., 2020). Community Social Worker is a person or group of community members who have a high social servant spirit, have the will, organize social welfare, and have been guided through training in social welfare. Community Social Workers have carried out the implementation of empowerment for homeless people and beggars in Yogyakarta City. They are the right hand of the Social Service, which means that Community Social Workers participates in this empowerment. The implementation of community social workers from counselling and counselling, policing, and training received a score of 33.00%. This activity was carried out with the Social Service. The implementation of counselling and counselling based on the score obtained was 33.00%. The Community Social Worker and the Social Service had voiced a ban on begging in Yogyakarta City in the form of installing banners on the streets and other public spaces. A that regulates homeless people and penguins is the Yogyakarta Special Region Regulation Number 1 of 2014, which governs and explains that it is prohibited to give money to homeless people and beggars. The implementation of counselling and counselling that is usually carried out by the Social Service with Community Social Workers is motivating homeless people and beggars, various approaches precisely so that they want to change their mindset to live more productively.
The control carried out by Social and Community Workers is usually through coordination with the Social Service, Control to reduce homelessness and beggars. In carrying out these tasks, Social and Community Workers is divided into four sectors: North, South, West, and East Wilaya. Social and Community Workers supervise and motivate beggars, homeless people, street children to provide better direction. The beggars in Yogyakarta City discovered that many beggars came from outside the Yogyakarta area and were sent home because they were not here. Most of the beggars are not from Yogyakarta, but they come to Yogyakarta to beg, and they think that the people in Kota Yogyakarta are friendly. The Civil Service Police Unit is still polite in their arrests. It can be concluded that the implementation of the Social and Community Workers in controlling efforts has been running well. However, sometimes there are many findings and obstacles in the field, such as some homeless people and beggars who run away.
Controlling vagabonds and beggars requires cooperation in achieving social goals (Cristian Perez, 2018). Programs carried out by the government in maintaining nomads and penguins are an aspect of the government's success in creating equality in society (Perianto, 2018). Control of homeless people and beggars cannot be separated from government control so that developments and stages can be adequately controlled (Bahfiarti et al., 2019). Authorities carried out by related parties will review the success in reducing homelessness and beggars (Thamrin, 2018). Control of the program supports realizing goals and creating social trust from homeless people and beggars to the government or institutions (Noviariza, 2018).
The training carried out by Social and Community Workers indeed coordinates with the Social Service and gets the same score, namely 33.00%. Various activities carried out by the Social Service in providing training that always involves Social. Community Workers training is carried out, namely making different types of crafts and helping the Social Service channel a little capital to be used as business capital to be more independent and have a job in the future. Worthy. Then the Social and Community Workers are also involved with the Social Service in collaboration with the Herpita Wahyuni, Suswanto, Danang Eko Prastya, Social Service and Community Social Worker Program for Empowerement Homeless and Beggars in Yogyakarta, JSSP, Vol. 5, No. 2, December 31, 2021 237 Bekasi Social Service to reduce beggars. The Social Service every year there is a program in partnership with the Bekasi Social Service; in this program, the Social Service is invited to send Gepeng from the city of Yogyakarta to be forwarded to Bekasi and receive training within six months they will receive guidance and get social assistance that can meet their needs and creativity. Furthermore, the Community Social Worker in reducing beggars provides screen printing and haircutting training. If the beggar is still a teenager, he will be put in the youth development centre. Control vagabonds and beggars by providing training according to their ability and willingness without coercion (Damayanti, 2015). The number of beggars and homeless people from 2013-2017 is as follows: in 2013, the number of beggars in Yogyakarta was 221 people, in 2014 there were 199 people, 2015 as many as 170 people, 2016 as many as 150 people, and 2017 as many as 15 people. From this data, the number of beggars in Yogyakarta City has decreased from year to year, so the Social Service and Community Social Workers strategy can be said to be successful even though it must be improved again. The Yogyakarta government-issued Perda No 1 of 2014 concerning the handling of homeless people and beggars to invite all people to work together to deal with homeless people and beggars in Yogyakarta to maintain order and peace in the city of Yogyakarta.

CONCLUSION
The empowerment of homeless people and beggars in Yogyakarta has been carried out optimally by the Social Service and Community Social Workers. Efforts to reduce social disparities from various activities, namely counselling, counselling, training, and policing, have been appropriately maximized. The Office of Social Affairs and Social Workers collaborates in the field of empowering homeless people and beggars in Yogyakarta City by Regional Regulation No.1 of 2014 concerning the handling of homeless people and beggars in efforts to improve the welfare of the people of the city of Yogyakarta and with the hope of preventing various environmental and social problems such as the existence of violence, harassment, discrimination, and crime. The Office of Social Affairs and Community Social Workers provides numerous training such as screen printing, haircuts; if the beggar is still a teenager, then he is put in a youth development centre and fostered within three to four days, training activities in the form of making various types of handicrafts. Counselling and counselling in reducing the number of beggars and homeless people in Yogyakarta City have been going well. When the Regional Regulation regulates homeless people, Beggars is the Yogyakarta Special Region Regulation Number 1 of 2014. The control of homeless people and beggars in Yogyakarta City by the Social Service and Community Social Workers have been implemented well; various approaches have been made for homeless people. They were begging, arresting, and providing motivation to live a better life and providing provisions in training that can support economic change.