INTEGRATION BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION LEARNING

This research is based on research library research literature in this study wanted to try integrate between Religion and Science in learning, there are three questions; first, circumstances of integration between Religion and Science, a description of the example Integration of Religion and Science form the Moon and the theme of nature and explanation in the Qur'an. With analysis and normative content of the Qur'an explain the phenomena of nature with science and science context. Soon is the first research results, the integration of science with nature is a necessity and it is becoming important in the development of sciences as theology that include common knowledge.


A. Introduction
Starting from a meaning of the words of a prominent scientists are Albert Einstein "Religion without the help of science would be paralyzed and fail to achieve its noble purpose, and vice versa, science without the help of religion will be blind and fail to even see the goal that is true."(Soetandyo Wignjosoebroto, 2004: 45).Based on the above quotes, it is very important to have a balance between religion and science or so-called science.In some time ago in his existing educational paradigm emerging dichotomy of science, especially the science of religion and science as it has been followed by the Islamic world of higher education still largely follows the lines of classic TA'DIB, 20 (2), 2015, 201-220 science dominated by ulum al-shar'i that affect the appearance of the abyss wide separation in the context of science, especially science.
Entering the modern period, the tradition experiencing a gap with the development of science and technology has a very strong influence of civilization of mankind today.The gap that has confronted the Islamic world of higher education with three first bad situation; gap dichotomy between theology and general science; The second is the alienation of the teaching of religious sciences from the reality of modernity; and the third is the deviation of the progress of science from religious values.Historically when in higher education that produce a lot of the academic community who will be in the midst of society, especially in the field of education is the product of the college filled with uncertainties in conveying the value of the integration of religion and science then there is the instability of science that will be deployed also on future generations.Therefore it is necessary to the process of integration of both these sciences in order to avoid gaps or phenomena dichotomy of science that would be fatal to the next generation.
Religious knowledge which is considered closely related to issues of faith and the supernatural or beyond human reasoning.According Soetandyo science or religious studies is science at the limits of the science of human behavior in their religious life as conditioned by their communities.The assessment must be normative by showing what is right and what is wrong with the study of behavior and religious life observational and empirical, as ruled by the laws of probability are following all the manifestations of the all varies due to the presence of a variable relative in networking causality complex (Wingjosoebroto, 2004: 45).Thus the science of religion rooted in dogmas rooted into a conviction.
While science is the science that is not just any science but the work of human reason that seek (search) right knowledge (the truth) through a process of reasoning that logic through the induction of sensory observations to always theorized based on the attitude of doubt and not conviction.In the foreign language of modern science is known as the science that is mentioned in Malaysia with the term "science" in TA'DIB, 20 (2), 2015, 201-220 Indonesia already known by Indonesian "science" to distinguish from the results of human intellectual effort that is not inductive, empirical and sensory it.In Indonesia in education era of the old order commonly known as the Natural Sciences and in the New Order era known as the Natural Sciences (IPA).However, this reform era back in terms of science began to appear again starting from the primary level The scientific integration is an attempt to repair the historical to the scientific understanding of the future.History of the past and the present has proved that the separation between the two science can lead to terrible disasters that humanitarian efforts organized inadequate and unpleasant resulting fanaticism, prejudice and destructive clashes.Then where no science without religion, the self-interest or selfishness, ambition, ambition, oppression, slavery, fraud and cheating is rampant (Murtaza Mutahhari, 1989: 79-80).Thus the integration of the two domains of science was seen as something very important.
Science in the sense of natural science is the study of phenomena or natural phenomena.This view of science had been developed.Richardson said that science involves three things: scientific knowledge, scientific methods, scientific attitudes.(J. S. Richardson, 1957: 107).The third scientific functions giving the impression that science is a packaged integration between knowledge, methods, and the formation of a scientific attitude.Science can be considered as products and processes.Science not only obtained through a scientific attitude, but science as well as providing the ability to anyone who studied holistically.Thus there will be a positive attitude towards the universe, man and his Creator.This view of science above shows quite strong epistemological elements.At this point met ordinate religious values (religion) and science are mutually reinforcing.
Someone will increasingly broad and deep to study science then from the other side will be reduced arrogance and their pride of living human beings before God, and will automatically be stronger faith.Not surprisingly, many scientists like Einstein were originally atheists, because pursue science ultimately believe in God.Einstein said that "science without religion is blind, and religion without science is lame" TA'DIB, 20 (2), 2015, 201-220 (Ward, 2005: 259).In the discourse of education, especially early childhood education as a venue for young children is to develop the human being as a whole.In this respect, education plays an important role in determining the subsequent history of the child's development, as well as being the foundation of the development of his personality (Mulyasa, 2012: 43).Thus, if the values of this integration have been embedded in the child as an adult he will become a fact of history and will give a positive value of the process for the next generation.A lot of things related to the phenomenon of science and religion is related to the aspect of the universe.
Education in early childhood basically covering all the efforts and actions taken by educators and parents in the process of care, upbringing and education of children by creating an aura and an environment where children can explore the experience gave him a chance to know and understand the learning experience gained from the environment, through observing, imitating and experimenting that goes repeatedly and involves all the potential and intelligence of children (Sujiono, 2009: 7).Children are naturally born with, especially given the various aspects of the biological aspects of a very remarkable especially is an organ that everything has its own potential.Among these biological organ which has the role first and foremost is the brain as a generator driving the whole body activity.According Orinstein (in Bateman, 1990) states that the child during its early age get enough stimulation to develop both sides of the brain (the right brain and the left brain) will gain a thorough readiness to learn with success / succeed when they enter primary school (Suyadi, 2014: 22).
In the early childhood curriculum aspect of science is covered in all areas of learning both religious values and morals (NAM), social, emotional, language, cognitive, motor and other physically integrated with themes that have been set.An example is the theme of animals associated with the indicators mentioned creations of God, feed the animals, etc.Of these areas have been integrated in a variety of themes that are highly relevant learning applied to early childhood learning.Thus based on the above problems, the authors will provide points of TA'DIB, 20 (2), 2015, 201-220 discussion in this paper as follows: first, the notion of celestial bodies moon.Second, gastrointestinal integration paradigm of celestial bodies is in Bayani month, Burhani and Irfani.Second, the learning model of integration in Formal early childhood level (curriculum, Promes, RKM, RKH, strategy, learning and assessment methods) themes: the universe, sub-themes: the moon.

B. Adaptation Natural Theme: Universe, Subtheme: Month
Etymologically the universe is the whole universe (Department of National Education, 2003: 39).In the universe there are various kinds of celestial objects and their orbits, known as the solar system.Among these heavenly bodies are the sun, the earth, the stars, planets, moons and so forth.One of the celestial bodies that are discussed in this paper is the moon.Etymologically month in Arabic is "qamar", and in English called "moon" in Latin is called "lunar" (Tartusi, 2009: 108).In Indonesian Dictionary Month epistemologically means celestial bodies that reflect sunlight, can be seen at night, especially when the sky is clear.
The characteristics of the moon as a celestial bodies is the first, the Moon is not the kind of star.Moon does not emit its own light but reflects light from the sun and thus appears brighter when the night when the sky is clear.Light not as bright as the sun and looked more dim despite the distance of the moon to the earth is much closer than the sun (Haryanto, 2012: 216).
Second, the distance to the earth and moon statistics is presented.Moon is closer to Earth's distance from the sun and other stars.The distance between the moon to the earth farthest 405.500 km while the nearest are: 363.300 km.Statistically month has its own the data that has diameter: 3474.8 km.Mass: 0.0123 (earth: 1), density: 3.34, surface gravity: 0.166 (earth: 1), the speed of light: 2.4 km per second, Kala orbit of 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, when the rotation: 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes.The picture in outer space by astronauts ever there is Neil Armstrong and Edwin E. Aldrin on July 20, 1968 which became the first human to set foot in the month of the US space program, NASA is sending a spacecraft Apollo 11 illustrates that in no atmospheric and water and then the surface is mountainous and heavily cratered, but not colored.During the day the temperature range from 127 degrees so very hot and the evenings -173 degrees centigrade so amazingly cool.That is one reason why there is no life on the moon.
In no sound or the weather, except for a faint sound when the call to prayer echoes from a distance, far planet earth exactly in the land of Egypt.For 21 hours the two astronauts are busy installing equipment and collecting rocks, then brought home and examined accurately.There are about 2000 rock samples from the moon with a weight of 400kg (880lb).The moon rocks turns age older than the Earth is 5.3 billion years, while the Earth 4.5 billion years.(Susan McKeever, 2011: 88).
Aircraft Apollo 12 landing on the moon in successfully carrying rocks older age.The study concluded that the moon is an ancient universe objects are trapped by the Earth's gravity is calculated mathematically gravity in only 1/6 the earth's gravity so that the moon orbits the earth 29.5 days per period while rotating in the same time.So strong gravitation of the sun makes the earth revolve months following the sun for 365 days per period.Allah set the moon's orbit inclined 5 degrees towards the Earth's orbit, so that 59% of his face facing the earth.
Astronomers who have been doing research on the moon give an idea of the landscape in which such that there is a small dark spot that appeared on the moon is the sea.In this dark region appears to contrast with the bright area is a plateau with many craters.The line of mountains was formed due to meteorite hit the surface of the moon is then formed lines mountains of material ejected during the formation of the crater.Medium crater itself may be formed with a diameter of 1m up to 1,000 km and occurs also because of the impact of meteorites on the moon with a very high speed.For the third landscape is a sea that is the part that almost 16% of the lunar surface and formed by lava flows, now the moon does not have volcanic activity again.(Fabian Cassan, 2012: 77).
TA'DIB, 20 (2), 2015,[201][202][203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210][211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218][219][220] The plane Apollo 11 used for cruising this month is composed of three units: the control unit is small, units of service, and the unit month or units eagle with the large rocket named the Saturn V that contains most of the fuel needed to propel into space.Three astronauts sitting in a small capsule on top of the rocket, then after successfully landed on the moon they go around by a small electric car which is then left in the month.After successfully conducting research in this plane turns back landed on earth to plunge into the sea which is precisely in the Pacific Ocean through the atmosphere and then they go home by using a square-shaped buoy to help him remain in a stable state.(Reynaldo K.A., 2012: 32-34).
In a note throughout history, telescopes and spacecraft have allowed scientists study the moon from the Earth with 12 astronauts have gone to the moon between July 1969 and December 1972 has made six landings on the moon successfully.On this mission they were exploring the lunar surface, taking photographs, collecting rock samples and dust, as well as install equipment to monitor the condition of the month.
Moon phase is always changing when seen from Earth.The moon phase depends on the position of the sun moon when seen from the earth.Moon phase is also called aspect months.Shape moon changing phases are some views from its position, namely conjugation, the opposition, with the elaboration of the following Quaternary first, phase conjugation.Conjugation is the position in the direction of the sun.At that time part of the Earth facing the moon dark or does not appear in the form of a solar eclipse phase, because the sunlight towards the Earth unobstructed moon so the moon looks lusterless of the earth.Second, the Opposition phase is the phase in opposite direction to the position of the sun seen from the earth, so that when the moon is full or full of earth.At this position moon rises at sunset and sets at sunrise.Third, Quaternary Phase quarter is when the moon notch perpendicular to the line connecting the Earth to the sun, during this phase moon phase shows the neap (half moon bright).Occurs twice in a month that quarter of the first quarter when the moon seemed to increase in size and the second quarter when the moon appears smaller.Fourth, the lunar phase the other is sickle (cresent) and bumps (Gibbous), thereby sinondik consecutive lasted turn of the moon phases as follows that the new moon, crescent moon, neap early, convex, full, convex, neap end of the month crescent, and back to the new moon.
Meaning: "He's the one who makes the sun shine and the moon shine and set his (places) for the journey of the month, so that you may know the number of years and the reckoning (of time).God did not create this, but with the right.He explains the signs (of his greatness) to those who know." Second, Q.S. Yaasiin (36):39-40 about moon appearance.Meaning : "And We ordained for months manzilah-manzilah, so (after he got to the last manzilah) Go back to him as a form of the old cluster.It is not possible for the sun to get the moon and the night also can not precede lunch.and each circulating in orbit." Third, Q.S. Al-Qiyamah (75) : 8.

‫َﻤَﺮُ‬ ‫ﻘ‬ ۡ ‫ٱﻟ‬ ‫َﺴَﻒَ‬ ‫ﺧ‬ ‫وَ‬ ٨
The meanings: "And if the moon has lost his light," (17 AH), Caliph Umar bin Khattab set the early benchmark Islamic calendar are the Prophet Muhammad migrated from Mecca to Medina.The standard initial determination made after eliminating the entire additional months in a period of 9 years.1st of Muharram year 1 AH coincided with July 16, 622, and this date does not mean the date of emigration of the Prophet Muhammad.Prophet Muhammad's emigration event occurred in September 622.The oldest document that uses a system of the Islamic calendar is a papyrus in Egypt in 22h, 558 perf.
Qomariyah calendar is as a form of intellectual richness especially Muslims can have its own calendar as a vehicle for determination of worship.Although in reality the community is still a difference of understanding of the concepts used in the form rukyatul hilal and wujudulhilal.Rukyatul understanding is the appearance of the new moon to new moon at 2 degrees, while there is another group that believes that is the appearance of the crescent moon wujudul accordance with the calculation.In reality all this time for a particular group of Islamic society did not occur significant problems.
The moon and the sun contribute to the rising water level of the earth are called pairs.Sun's gravity is more powerful than the moon's gravity.But the moon is closer to Earth position so that its influence reached 54% and 46% of the sun's gravitational influence.The influence of the moon's gravity is the greatest when the Earth facing the moon.Sea surface swell or protrude toward the moon is called tide.At the Earth in the opposite position, the influence of the weak lunar gravity, but he draws the earth solids from the water so that the sea surface tide swells to form anyway. Between the two regions tide, sea water dropped form the tides.As long as the earth rotates a tide overlooking months and one pair of opposite side again.So every region experienced 2 times 2 times tide and ebb every day.
With the ups and downs of this new phenomenon known scientific causes in the 18th century by the scientist Newton, in which he linked with the moon's gravity.Modern science has proven that humans, animals, and plants severely affected by the full moon.For example, when the full moon comes, the number of suicides rose sharply, increasing anxiety for people affected by mental illness, the plants will grow faster, and the fish are in the sea rises to the surface.(M.Zainal Arifin, et al, 2013: 437) This phenomenon actually occurs and familiar in the community, especially when linked to problems of the mystical or shamanic nature.And it turns out scientific spell on the existence month longer needs to be deepened to provide a scientific understanding of scientific and integrated with Islamic values to be socialized into society at large..

E. Assessment of Irfani between the Integration of Science and Religion
In scientific studies as well as in the study of the Qur'an states many benefits for months and circulation for the inhabitants, especially humans in particular.According to Dr. Nadiah Tharayyarah in his book al-I'jaz Mausu'ah Qur'an states that God made the sun and the moon as a standard calculation of the time of day, month, and year for humans astronomically have to prove that the moon revolves around the earth in a ball once a month and rotates on its axis in the same period with the period of the revolution.Thus occurred the day and night which will be very useful for human beings to organize themselves to move eat, rest, work or perform religious rituals that have been determined.
Benefits In addition to sign the day and night was more than it is as Qamariah calendar, the day (day and night) starting from sunset and ends when the next sunset.Therefore the first night than during the day.The calculation of the month (shahr) in calendar Qamariyah started sighting the new crescent moon after sunset on the 29th or 30th month earlier and ends with the sighting of the next sabitbaru month on the 29th or the 30th of the same month.The limit in a calendar year is determined by the Qamariyah 12 times the moon's revolution around the earth.The process is taking time for 354 days.According to Shihab in his M.Quraisy miracle of the Qur'an say that the calendar Syamsyiah (sun) known as Gregrorian Calender recently discovered in the 16th century.Year Syamsyiah odds Qamariyah 11 days to a year.
About the method of reckoning and rukyat which has been the benchmark in the implementation of certain of worship among the Muslims will be explained as follows.Rukyat visibility of the new moon is observed activity, ie observing the appearance of the crescent first appears after the new moon (ijtima).Rukyat can be done with the naked eye, or with optical aids such as telescopes.When the moon is visible, then in the evening have entered dates 1.While the reckoning is doing the calculations to determine the position of the moon mathematically and astronomically, hisab is a tool to find out when and where the new moon (crescent first after the new moon) can be seen.Hisab often done to help before rukyat.Determination of the beginning of the month to be very significant for the months associated with worship, such as the month of Ramadan (the Muslim fasting ramadan full month), Shawwal (ie, Muslims celebrate Eid al-Fitr), and Dzulhijjah (where there are dates associated with Hajj and Eid al-Adha).
The determination of when the new moon can be seen, be motivated Muslim interest in astronomy.It became one of the drivers why Islam became one of the early developers of astronomy as a science, separated from astrology in the Middle Ages.Some Muslims argue that to determine the beginning of the month, is the need to actually do the direct observation of the new moon (hilal rukyatul).Others found early enough determination to do the reckoning (mathematical calculations), without having to actually observe the new moon.Reckoning method also has a variety of selection criteria, which often causes the difference in determining the beginning of the month, the result of differences in the carrying out of worship such as fasting Ramadan or Eid.
Then the tide phenomenon which signifies many marine fish rose to the surface itself will bring good luck to people, especially the livelihood of fishermen because certain times when there will be a natural result obtained from sailing with more results.Thus the TA'DIB, 20 (2), 2015, 201-220 fishermen will take into account the existence of the sea as the land of livelihood with the emergence of the phenomenon of month calculation.
Natural phenomenon of the existence of this month turned out to directly contain strong integration between science and religion with the evidence of scientific experts worldwide have embraced Islam.The first is the story of Dr. Zaghloul an-Najjar who told in one interview at the television station space that when he delivered a lecture on scientific kemu'jizatan Qur'an in the Faculty of Medicine in Wales, England, he was involved in talks with the chairman of the Islamic Party Britannia David Musa Pidcock embrace Islam to hear the reading QSAl-Qamar: 1 that "when the moon is split doomsday".Inwardly David Moses wondered how it is possible in split and then be reunited?Then the scientific fact which explains that in the past month split into two and then reunited.Proof of this is the existence of a gap in the long curved and moon rocks.The gap on the surface is until months into the abdomen.Some of the equipment to investigate the earthquake was used to ascertain the condition of the gap.The gap has a depth of up to several kilometers, while the width is between 500 and 5,000 meters.The gap extends as far as 250 km in the form of a straight line curve, and originated from the moon's south pole, the side which is not visible from Earth.After listening to the explanation, David Moses got up from his chair with excitement and awe.He re-read the translation of the Qur'an's verses, and finally he declared himself converted to Islam (Arifin, 2013: 442-443).
There is also a famous astronomer from Japan named Dr.Yhoshihide Kozai.He is a Director of the Tokyo Observatory (National Astronomical Observatory), which is one of the greatest observatories in the world thanks to its modern equipment.This happened when he visited Saudi Arabia.There he attended a scientific seminar at the University of King Abdul Aziz relating to the interpretation of the Qur'an scientifically related to the sciences of astronomy so Kozai understand scientific facts with the study of the Qur'an is clear from various angles, then he is in The forums have embraced Islam.
TA'DIB, 20 (2), 2015, 201-220 The scientists managed to land on the moon for the first time was Neil Armstrong after 30 years passed from landing on the moon when he traveled to Egypt to hear the call to prayer.Eventually he managed to remember that the voice was the only sound that came from the moon.Finally with all the guidance and understanding at the same time a long contemplation Neil Armstrong decided to convert to Islam with all controversy that is including when he was removed from the unit where he works namely NASA USA.
From the facts mentioned above it is clear that the integration between science and religion is very important that human nature is maintained that as a leader on earth.One of the integration process proficiency level is through education that is accessible to the various layers of humans either through formal or non-formal education in order to create a balance between human life and the universe.

F. Model Integration Learning in Formal Early Childhood Level
The integration between science and religion has actually been implemented in the curriculum of early childhood curriculum either 2010 or SBC.Automatically it will be seen in a series of indicators of learning from a variety of fields including the development of religious values and morals (NAM), social, emotional, cognitive, language, physical and motor.Then the various components were developed in the course that semester courses, Weekly Activity Plan, and Plan Daily Activities along the learning model that will be used both angles, the center and the area.In the early childhood curriculum in 2013 is referring to the strategy of active learning various learning programs, using varied learning methods such as question and answer, conversation, demonstration, sing, giving tasks and work.The medium used may include images, video, sayyen, etc. are in accordance with the early childhood learning.In the course of the universe dealing with the theme and sub-themes of this month can be written in RKH as follows: initial activity may be singing the title Fetch creation AT Month Mahmud, the Moon in the sky, Java Padang Bulan song, and the song Divine Favor, clap moon shape, chatted the afternoon and evening, and between science and prolonged influence on the historicity of science in the development of Islamic civilization.Integration of this knowledge can be applied directly in the world of education, especially science development of science that had been detached from the values of textual or contextual religion.Early Childhood Education (ECD) as one of the containers educational weeks to implement the context so there are no mistakes in the history of science and religious education.
In the learning material that is the theme of the universe, subthemes: This month is particularly relevant when applied to children in a series of structured learning from curriculum mapping, promissory notes, RKM, RKH.The study of celestial phenomena is very important in bayani be explored in terms of the study of texts in the Qur'an, Burhani study the phenomena of the universe in the form relating to the month in the community, and Irfani as the concept of peace with nature which has provided benefits for humans, thus giving a vehicle for wider learning to the learners.
In the implementation of learning related to the theme and subtheme is not to be separated from early childhood curriculum in 2013 that emphasizes the important aspects of the self concept of students to conduct active learning model learning with a series of appropriate methods and media.