The Implementation and Impact of the Laïcité System on the Development of Islamophobia in France
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v5i03.20483Keywords:
Terorisme, Laicite, Islamophobia, dan Prancis.Abstract
Secularism is an ideology that seeks to maintain a clear separation between religion and the state. France is a prominent example of a country adhering to this ideology, reinforced by the laïcité policy, which forms the foundation of French secularism. This article employs a qualitative research method, specifically a literature review of various secondary data sources, to critically examine the role of secularism in France and its contribution to the emergence of Islamophobia in public life. The findings indicate that the implementation of the laïcité policy, particularly as a counter-terrorism measure following the September 11, 2001, attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) in the United States, has fostered an excessive concern over Muslims, who are frequently associated with terrorism. Consequently, Islamophobia has manifested in France through various forms of discrimination, physical and verbal violence, and hate speech, all of which pose significant threats to the security of Muslim communities in the country. Therefore, while secularism is intended to guarantee freedom for individuals to practice their religion without state interference, the situation in France reveals that secularism has, in fact, imposed restrictions on the practice of Islam.References
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Alvillar, J. (2020). Islamofobia in France: The Contradiction in the Implementation of (1st ed., Vol. 3).
Aulia, N. H. (2020). Islamofobia,“Laicite”, dan Teror Prancis.
Bleich, E. (2012). Defining And Researching Islamophobia. Review Of Middle East Studies, 46(2), 180–189.
Ciftci. (2012). Islamophobia and Threat Perceptions: Explaining Anti-Muslim Sentiment in the West. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 32(3), 239–309.
detik.com. (2020). Blak-Blakan Pakar UI Bicara Macron Tidak Anti-Islam! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z3nIikZWTMQ
Esmano, S. R., & Miranda, A. (2022). Pengaruh Kebijakan Laïcité Terhadap Muslim di Institusi Pendidikan Negeri Prancis Pada Masa Pemerintahan Macron.
Fata, A. K., & Noorhayati, S. M. (2016). Sekularisme dan Tantangan Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer. Madania: Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 20(2), 215–228.
Frost, D. (2008). Islamophobia: Examining Causal Links Between The Media And ‘“Race Hate”’ From ‘“Below.”’ International Journal Of Sociology And Social Policy.
Gholami, R. (2021). Critical Race Theory And Islamophobia: Challenging Inequity In Higher Education. Race Ethnicity And Education, 24(3), 319–337.
Hisyam, M. (2017). Tinjauan Buku Islam Indonesia dan Utopia Negara Sekuler. Masyarakat Indonesia, 38(2), 459–476.
Indiraphasa, N. S. (2023). Abaya Resmi Dilarang, 300 Siswi Muslim Prancis Tetap Memakainya ke Sekolah. NU Online. https://www.nu.or.id/internasional/abaya-resmi-dilarang-300-siswi-muslim-prancis-tetap-memakainya-ke-sekolah-PWyip
Irpan, M., Widodo, P., & Muradi. (2021). Islamophobia di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Peperangan Asimetris. Peperangan Asimetris (PA), 7(1).
Ismoyo, P. J. (2016). Islamofobia di Prancis: diskriminasi perempuan muslim maghribi. Cakrawala Jurnal Penelitian Sosial, 5(2).
Iza, N. S. (2022). Sekuritisasi Presiden Immanuel Macron Terhadap Imigran Muslim Melalui Undang-Undang Anti-Separatisme Perancis [Universitas Diponegoro]. https://eprints2.undip.ac.id/id/eprint/11812
Kumparanwomen. (2022). 5 Fakta Marine Le Pen, Capres Prancis yang Dikenal Kontroversial. https://kumparan.com/kumparanwoman/5-fakta-marine-le-pen-capres-prancis-yang-dikenal-kontroversial-1xxUREjHCJM/1
Moleong, L. J. (2014). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif Edisi Revisi (2nd ed.). PT Remaja Rosdakarya Offset.
Mondon, A., & Winter, A. (2017). Articulations of Islamophobia: From The Extreme To The Mainstream? Ethnic and Racial Studies, 40(13), 2151–2179. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2017.1312008
Monsma, S. V, Dulk, K. R., & Soper, J. C. (2017). The Challenge of Pluralism: Chruch and State in Six Democracies (3rd ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.
Moordiningsih. (2004). Islamophobia dan Strategi Mengatasinya. Buletin Psikologi, 12(2).
Muhammad, M. (2012, February 3). How Secularism Is Used To Attack Muslims In France. Counterfire.Org. https://www.counterfire.org/article/how-secularism-is-used-to-attack-muslims-in-france/
Murdiyanto, E. (2020). Penelitian Kualitatif (1st ed.). In Yogyakarta Press.
Muslimahnews. (2023). Prancis Melarang Abaya bagi Muslimah, Aktivis: Diskriminatif! https://muslimahnews.net/2023/09/05/23119/
Nazir, M. (1988). Metode Penelitian. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.
Nubowo, A. (2020, October 24). Macron, Paty, dan Krisis Peradaban. JIB Post.
Nurlianta, A. (2019). Terungkap, Ternyata Ini Pengertian Burqa yang Benar. https://umroh.com/blog/pengertian-burqa/
Paranrangi, T. (2010). Sekularisme dalam Perkembangan Islam. Shautut Tarbiyah, 16(1), 12–18.
Pradipta, C. A. (2016). Pengaruh Islamophobia Terhadap Peningkatan Kekerasan Muslim Di Perancis. Global Dan Policy, 4(2).
Putri, M. S., & Imaduddin, F. (2021). Muslim di Prancis (Dinamika, Eksistensi dan Historis). Journal of Comparative Study of Religions, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.21111/jcsr.v2i1.6668
Sari, F., & Rahma, F. I. (2022). Pendidikan Agama Islam Dan Paham Keagamaan Aktual (Fundamentalisme, Radikalisme, Sekularisme Dan Liberalisme). Tut Wuri Handayani: Jurnal Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan, 1(3), 159–166.
Schmid, B. (2006, January 2). Islamofobia in French Media: An Imaginary Conception of an Essentialised Islam. Qantara.De. https://qantara.de/en/article/islamophobia-french-media-imaginary-conception-essentialised-islam
Sicca, S. P. (2020, December 10). Presiden Macron Galang Dukungan Kabinet untuk RUU “Anti-Separatisme” Perancis. Kompas.Com. https://www.kompas.com/global/read/2020/12/10/074148770/presiden-macron-galang-dukungan-kabinet-untuk-ruu-anti-separatime?page=all
Sugiyono, D. (2013). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Syahadha, F. (2020). Nasionalisme, Sekularisme di Turki. Majalah Ilmiah Tabuah: Talimat, Budaya, Agama Dan Humaniora, 24(1), 1–14.
The Local Fr. (2019, September 25). ‘France can’t host everyone,’ says Macron in tough new immigration stance. https://www.thelocal.fr/20190925/france-cannot-host-everyone-says-macron-in-tough-new-migration-stance/
Udasmoro, W. (2010). Discourse Subaltern dalam Masyarakat Interkultural: Mencermati Relasi Gender Jilbab dan Perempuan Berjilbab di Prancis. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 14(1), 1–22.
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29-08-2024
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How to Cite
Wulandari, S., Azzahra, A., Rahmadani, J., & Ummah, A. (2024). The Implementation and Impact of the Laïcité System on the Development of Islamophobia in France. Ampera: A Research Journal on Politics and Islamic Civilization, 5(03), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.19109/ampera.v5i03.20483
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