Community Service Order Punishment: Alternatives in The Criminal Law System From Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah Perspective

Main Article Content

Adi Syahputra Sirait
Mhd. Syahnan
Budi Sastra Panjaitan

Abstract

This study aims to analyze Community Service Order (CSO) punishment within the criminal law system through the lens of Islamic law, using a multi-dimensional approach. As an alternative to detention, CSO punishment is expected not only to achieve the rehabilitation of offenders but also to provide broader benefits to society. This study explores how the concept of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah with a multi-dimensionality approach—which includes social, economic, and cultural analysis—by looking at the relevance of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah and a comprehensive view of the concept of community service order punishment to achieve a balance between justice, rehabilitation, and social welfare. A multi-dimensionality approach is used to study community service order punishment from social, economic and cultural aspects. The results of the study show that Community Service Order Punishment are not only in line with the principles of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, but also have the potential to increase the effectiveness of the rehabilitation of perpetrators, reduce detention costs, and increase the positive contribution of perpetrators to society. This study concludes that Community Service Order Punishment can be a more humane and effective alternative in the criminal law system, which is in line with Islamic values and supports the welfare goals of society as a whole.

Article Details

How to Cite
Sirait, A. S. ., Syahnan, M. ., & Panjaitan, B. S. . (2024). Community Service Order Punishment: Alternatives in The Criminal Law System From Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah Perspective. Nurani: Jurnal Kajian syari’ah Dan Masyarakat, 24(2), 273-296. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v24i2.24276 (Original work published 2024)
Section
Artikel
Author Biography

Mhd. Syahnan, Universitas Islam Negeri Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

Scopus ID: 57226775841

How to Cite

Sirait, A. S. ., Syahnan, M. ., & Panjaitan, B. S. . (2024). Community Service Order Punishment: Alternatives in The Criminal Law System From Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah Perspective. Nurani: Jurnal Kajian syari’ah Dan Masyarakat, 24(2), 273-296. https://doi.org/10.19109/nurani.v24i2.24276 (Original work published 2024)

References

Warga Binaan Lapas dan Rutan di Jambi Terjangkit TBC. (t.t.). Diambil 12 Juli 2024, dari https://regional.kompas.com/read/2023/09/22/095359478/228-warga-binaan-lapas-dan-rutan-di-jambi-terjangkit-tbc

Adams, N. (2023). Transformative Arts Practices in the Criminal Justice System. The impact of human rights violations on identity amongst those previously incarcerated. https://open.uct.ac.za/items/e891e6f0-839f-4e38-86a1-2c04995aca8c

Aisyah, N. (2023). Criminal Sanctions For Spreader Of Hoaxes With Pornographic Content According To Positive Law And Islamic Criminal Law (Fiqih Jinayah). Journal of International Islamic Law, Human Right and Public Policy, 1(3), 118–125. http://jishup.org/index.php/ojs/article/view/12

al-Jawzīyah, I. Q. (t.t.). I'lam al-Mawqi'iyn an Rabb al-'Alamin 16 Juli 2024, dari https://cir.nii.ac.jp/crid/1130282269862986368

Alkharji, A. A. S. (2023). Human Trafficking and Islamic Law. JL Pol’y & Globalization, 131, 13. https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/jawpglob131&section=4

Anugra, M. D., & Susanti, E. (2024). Conditional Release Policy to Resolve Overcapacity in Correctional Institution. Veteran Law Review, 7(1), 23–33. https://ejournal.upnvj.ac.id/Velrev/article/view/6409

Arandjelović, O. (2023). Crime and punishment: A rethink. Philosophies, 8(3), 47. https://www.mdpi.com/2409-9287/8/3/47

Auda, J. (2008). Maqasid al-Shariah as Philosophy of Islamic Law: A Systems Approach. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).

Auda, J. (2022). Maqasid Al-Shari’ah as philosophy of Islamic law. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).

Audah, A. Q. (1992). Al-Tasyri’al-Jinâî al-Islâmî. Mu’assasah Al Risalah, Beirut.

Azizy, A. N., Parmono, B., & Muhibbin, M. (2023). Status Of Corruption Acts Under The Indonesian Criminal Law System. International Journal of Law, Environment, and Natural Resources, 3(1), 67–74. https://www.injurlens.bdproject.id/index.php/injurlens/article/view/51

Bennett, C. (2023). Crime and Punishment in Islamic Law: A Fresh Interpretation: by Mohammad Hashim Kamali, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2019, 451 pp., US$56 (hardback), $38.99 (ebook), ISBN 978 0 19 091064 8. Religion, 53(1), 179–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/0048721X.2022.2146418

Bhat, A. M. (2023). Maqasid Al-Shari’ah is a Divine Shield of Islamic Policy. Journal of Islamic Thought and Philosophy, 2(2), 128–150. https://jurnalpps.uinsa.ac.id/index.php/JITP/article/view/403

Coppola, F., & Martufi, A. (2023). Social Rehabilitation and Criminal Justice. Taylor & Francis.

Faisal, Yanto, A., Rahayu, D. P., Haryadi, D., Darmawan, A., & Manik, J. D. N. (2024). Genuine paradigm of criminal justice: Rethinking penal reform within Indonesia New Criminal Code. Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1), 2301634. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2301634

Fanning, B. (2023). The Future of Public Morality. Dalam B. Fanning, Public Morality and the Culture Wars: The Triple Divide (hlm. 183–206). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80455-722-820231009

Firmansyah, D., Sayyaf, R. T. F., & Bighash, K. A. (2023). Contextualisation of Jasser Auda’s MaqÄ á^1pounds id SharÄ «’ah on Hysterectomy (Surgical Removal of The Uterus). Al-Insyiroh: Jurnal Studi Keislaman, 9(2), 447–467. https://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/madura/index.php/alinsyiroh/article/view/6906

Genel, K. (2023). Horkheimer, Max. Dalam M. Sellers & S. Kirste (Ed.), Encyclopedia of the Philosophy of Law and Social Philosophy (hlm. 1331–1335). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6519-1_769

Gerring, J. (2017). Qualitative Methods. Annual Review of Political Science, 20(1), 15–36. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-092415-024158

Hanema, H. (2023). The welfare/incarceration trade-off in the Netherlands [Master’s Thesis]. https://studenttheses.uu.nl/handle/20.500.12932/44162

Hashem, M. (2024). Maqasid Al-Shari’ah: A Civilizational Perspective. International Institute of Islamic Thought (IIIT).

Hefni, W., Ahmadi, R., & Mustofa, I. (2022). Reinventing the Human Dignity in Islamic Law Discourse: The Wasatiyah Approaches from Khaled Abou El-Fadl to the Interreligious Relation. Al-Manahij: Jurnal Kajian Hukum Islam, 239–254. https://ejournal.uinsaizu.ac.id/index.php/almanahij/article/view/6928

Igrački, J., Karović, S., & Živadinović, T. (2023). The Criminal Offense of Murder: Historical, Criminal and Criminology Aspects. http://institutecsr.iksi.ac.rs/858/

Indonesia | World Prison Brief. (t.t.). Diambil 12 Juli 2024, dari https://www.prisonstudies.org/country/indonesia

Insani, N., Sumiyati, B., Karimullah, S. S., Gönan, Y., & Sulastri, S. (2024). Islamic Law And Local Wisdom: Exploring Legal Scientific Potential In Integrating Local Cultural Values. Kanun Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 26(1), 101–124. https://jurnal.usk.ac.id/kanun/article/view/32930

JDIH Mahkamah Agung RI. (t.t.). Diambil 21 Agustus 2024, dari https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/legal-product/kitab-undang-undang-hukum-pidana/detail

Joller, S. (2023). On the Competition of Moral Collectives. Dalam S. Joller & M. Stanisavljević (Ed.), Moral Collectives (hlm. 17–43). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40147-4_3

Jouet, M. (2023). Death penalty abolitionism from the Enlightenment to modernity. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 71(1), 46–97. https://academic.oup.com/ajcl/article-abstract/71/1/46/7226647

Kahan, D. M. (1998). “ The Anatomy of Disgust” in Criminal Law. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1290099

Karimullah, S. S., Basuki, N. A., & Sugitanata, A. (2024). An Ethical Analysis of the Application of the Death Penalty in Islamic Law. Antmind Review: Journal of Sharia and Legal Ethics, 1(1), 39–50. https://journal.aye.or.id/index.php/JSLE/article/view/7

Khan, M. I., Nisar, A., & Kanwel, S. (2023). From Punishment to Progress: The Legal Evolution of Criminal Rehabilitation. Pakistan JL Analysis & Wisdom, 2, 556. https://heinonline.org/hol-cgi-bin/get_pdf.cgi?handle=hein.journals/pknjlolw2&section=80

Khan, M. I., Saleem, N., & Ali, S. (2023). Concept Of Crime and Punishment In The Context Of The Legal System Of Islam And Public Policy Perspective. Russian Law Journal, 11(5), 1337–1341. https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/concept-of-crime-and-punishment-in-the-context-of-the-legal-system-of-islam-and-public-policy-perspective

Kirchheimer, O. (2017). Punishment and social structure. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9781315127835/punishment-social-structure-otto-kirchheimer

L. Haven, T., & Van Grootel, Dr. L. (2019). Preregistering qualitative research. Accountability in Research, 26(3), 229–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/08989621.2019.1580147

Lappi-Seppälä, T. (2023). Preventive detention in Finland and the other Nordic countries. Peking University Law Journal, 11(1), 59–72. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/20517483.2023.2223847

Lin, T., Chen, H., & Wu, J. (2023). Research on the impact of restorative justice implementation on the social reintegration of offenders and the reduction of recidivism rates. Law and Economy, 2(11), 25–36. https://www.paradigmpress.org/le/article/view/864

Maculan, E., & Gil Gil, A. (2020). The rationale and purposes of criminal law and punishment in transitional contexts. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 40(1), 132–157. https://academic.oup.com/ojls/article-abstract/40/1/132/5716712

Maftuna, T. (2023). History of the Development of Legislation on Responsibility for Crimes Against Morality. Current Research Journal of History, 4(07), 27–34. https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/crjh/article/view/22448

Marboe, I. (2018). Freedom of Expression: Theory and Practice in the Islamic Realm. Dalam Religion and International Law (hlm. 254–276). Brill Nijhoff. https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/edcoll/9789004349155/BP000017.

Mbuba, J. M. (2023). Comparative Criminal Justice: International Trends and Practices. Rowman & Littlefield.

Mohamed, G. (2023). Interrogating Two Concepts in Islamic Criminal Jurisprudence: Victim’s Family vs. Offender’s Family. Yearbook of Islamic and Middle Eastern Law Online, 1(aop), 1–48. https://brill.com/view/journals/yimo/aop/article-10.1163-22112987-20230024/article-10.1163-22112987-20230024.xml

Monballyu, J. (2014). The Punishments. Dalam Six Centuries of Criminal Law (hlm. 109–230). Brill Nijhoff. https://brill.com/downloadpdf/book/9789004273986/B9789004273986-s006.pdf

Mubarak, D., Othman, N., Abd-Majid, M., Nadzri, S., & Malaysia, U. K. (t.t.). Maqasid-Shariah And Well-Being: a systematic. Diambil 16 Juli 2024, dari https://ircief.kuis.edu.my/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/10.-maqasidshariah-and-wellbeing-a-systematic-literature-review.pdf

Mukasheva, D., Tulkinbayev, N., Prilutskaya, M., Yessimova, D., & Stöver, H. (t.t.). International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice.

Musa, M., Elvina, E., & Yanti, E. (2023). Criminal Social Work To Overcome Overcapacity In Post-Pandemic Prisons. Yuridika, 38(1). http://repository.uir.ac.id/id/eprint/22107

Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A Step-by-Step Process of Thematic Analysis to Develop a Conceptual Model in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22, 16094069231205789. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069231205789

Poeze, H. A. (2023). Recent Dutch-Language Publications. Bijdragen tot de taal-, land-en volkenkunde/Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia, 179(1), 157–173. https://brill.com/view/journals/bki/179/1/article-p157_18.xml

Rahimzai, H., & Mushfiq, N. (2023). Ta’zir Punishment and Delegated Authority in Accordance with Islamic Jurisprudence and Afghanistan’s Enacted Laws. Integrated Journal for Research in Arts and Humanities, 3(5), 1–14. https://ijrah.com/index.php/ijrah/article/view/297

Rangkuti, S. S. (2018). Dekonstruksi Epistemologi Muhammad Shahrur. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 3(2 December), 133–146. http://journal.iaincurup.ac.id/index.php/alistinbath/article/view/545

Reyes, J. W., & Reyes, R. (2024). Abolition Economics. Michigan Journal of Race & Law, 29(1), 69. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4816504

Rizki, D., Handayan, I. G. A. K. R., & Hartiwiningsih, H. (2024). The Urgency of Penal Reconstruction as an Overcrowded Effort in the Correctional Institutions Based on Criminal Law. International Conference On Law, Economic & Good Governance (IC-LAW 2023), 334–338. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ic-law-23/125998663

Salām, A.-I. B. A. al. (2003). Qawāid al-Aḥkām fī Maṣāliḥ al-Anām. Libanon: Dār Ibn Ḥazm.

Shuai, H., & Liu, J. (2023). The relationship between criminology and criminal law: Implications for developing Chinese criminology. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1–11. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-023-01851-3

Shukri, S., & Azalan, M. A. M. (2023). The application of maqasid al-shariah in multicultural Malaysia: Developing strong institutions for interethnic unity. Contemporary Islam, 17(3), 433–450. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11562-023-00528-7

Soedirjo, A. T., & Jaya, S. (2023). Legal Criticism Of The Code Of Law The New Criminal Law Is Viewed From The Point Of View Philosophical, Sociological And Juridical. Journal of Social Research, 2(8), 2458–2473. https://ijsr.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/ijsr/article/view/1268

Surah Yunus—57-67. (t.t.). Quran.Com. Diambil 16 Juli 2024, dari https://quran.com/yunus/57-67

Toedtman, S. T. (2024). Exploring the Exceptional Corrections Paradigm: An Analytical Case-Study of the Norwegian Model of Criminal Justice [Master’s Thesis, UiT Norges arktiske universitet]. https://munin.uit.no/handle/10037/34106

Tonry, M. (2022). Punishments, politics, and prisons in Western countries. Crime and Justice, 51(1), 7–57. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/721278

Yoo, H. (2023). Three Essays on Political Economy of Organized Crime [PhD Thesis, Vanderbilt University].

Zahrah, M. A. (1958). Uṣūl al-fiqh. Dār al-Fikr al-Arabī.

Zahrah, M. A. (1998). Al-Uqubah wa Al-Jarimah fi Al-Fiqh Al-Islami; Al-Uqubah. Kairo: Dar Al-Fikr Al-Arabi, 44.

Ibrahim D.N.T (2019), Rule of Law and Anti-Corruption Center Journal, 2019(1). https://doi.org/10.5339/rolacc.2019.4

al-Halim (1983), Kitab as-Siyasah ash-Shar'iyah Fi Ishlah ar-Ra'iy wa Ar-Ra'iyah. Dar al-Afaq al-Jadidah

az-Zabir (2022), Tahqiq al-'Adalah al-Jinaiyah ad-Dawlah: Dirasat fi Nuthaq al-Qadha al-Wathany. al-Markaz al-'Araby li al-Abhats wa Dirasati as-Siyasiyat.

Bagsham and Zuqay. (2023). Muhadharat fi al-Qanun al-Jinaiy al-'Am-an-Nazhriyah al-'Ammah li al-Jarimah http://dspace.univ-relizane.dz/home/handle/123456789/249

Paris, S. (2023). Tsaqafah al-Harakat al-Ijtima'iyah al-Jadydah: Muqarabat Antrhopologiah. al-Markaz al-'Araby li al-Abhast wa Dirasat