Jurnal Biota
type: channel
description: Journal Title Jurnal Biota Initial Biota Abbreviation J.Biota. Frequency 2 Issues per year (January and August) DOI prefix 10.19109/Biota by Crossref ISSN E-ISSN 2460-7746 and P-ISSN 2528-262X Editor-in-Chief Dr. Irham Falahudin, M.Si Publisher Department of Biology Faculty Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang Citation Analysis Acceptance Ratio - % Jurnal Biota is a scientific journal published by the Department of Biology Faculty Science and Technology University of State Islamic University of Raden Fatah Palembang. The submission process of the manuscript is open throughout the year. All submitted manuscripts will go through double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted acceptance for publication. Jurnal Biota publishes numerous research articles and Literature Review with a focus and scope on Biodiversity wetlands, Biotechnology, Environment, Ecology, Microbiology, Physiology Animals, and Plants. Jurnal Biota has been using Open Journal System requiring all writers to register in advance before they are allowed to upload the manuscript they write online. Afterward, the editors, peer reviewers (Blind review), and writers can monitor the manuscript processing. Journal Biota has indexed DOAJ, Crossref, MoraRef, Google Scholar, Garuda, and Sinta 2.
publisher: Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang
language: en
publication name: Jurnal Biota
issn: 2528-262X
copyright: Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: 1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 2. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal. 3. Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
items: Modulatory Effects of Fucoidan on Paracetamol-induced Hepatic Damage and Histological Alterations in Rasbora lateristriata
items: Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management on the Growth Performance of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) under Acidic Soil Conditions in Smallholder Farmer Fields
items: The potential for utilizing non-productive trunk of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) as Pulp and Wood Energy
items: Diversity of Indigenous Fungi on the Roots of Eucalyptus deglupta in the Pelangi Forest at Ijen Geopark, Bondowoso
items: The Effect of Amphidromus palaceus and Lissachatina fulica land snail mucus on collagen density in white rats (Rattus norvegicus)
items: Exploration of Plastic Degrading Bacteria in the Musi River, PalembangCity
items: Nutritional Analysis of Different Maize Varieties and Silage Produced at Haor Area in Sylhet
items: The Effect of Growth Temperature and pH on Lipid Production of Mucor irregularis JR 1.1
items: Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Cellulolytic Bacteria in Syzygium aqueum Fruit
items: Composition of Non-Volatile Flavor Compounds in Fresh and Dried Sea Lettuce (Ulva lactuca)
items: Antidiarrheal Potential and Phytochemical Profile of Different Solvent Extract of Jambu Wer (Elaeocarpus longifolius)
items: The Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolism and Immune Response: A Literature Review on Metabolic Health
items: Potential of Bacteriophages as Non-Alcoholic Antiseptic Hand Sanitizer
items: The Role of Zeolite in Alleviating Lead Toxicity in Tubifex tubifex
items: Distribution of Uromycladium acaciae disease on Acacia mearnsii woodlots; response and farmers’ cultural management practices in Fagita Lekoma district, Ethiopia
items: Satellite-derived Sea Level Height Trend and Variation associated with Eastern Little Tuna (Euthynus affinis) catch rates in the Makassar Strait
items: Study of the Efficacy of Different Concentrations of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer in Preventing Pathogen Transmission Through Palms
items: Natural Antioxidants Effect on the Performance of Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, and Hb Levels of Pregnant Mice Exposed to the Plastic
items: Bioconcentration Factor of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) and Rhizophora mucronata (Lamk.) Inhabiting Coastal Area of Semarang City on Cadmium
items: Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activities of Silver Nanoparticles of Extract Galaxaura rugosa
items: Interleukin-33 as a Potential Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
items: Induction of in Vitro Germination of Tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kostrem.): Effect of Antioxidants and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
items: Functional 3D Structure Analysis of Quasispecies Variants of Hepatitis B Virus Surface and Core Protein in Advanced Liver Disease and Chronic HBV Infection Patients in Indonesia: In Silico
items: The Role of Galectin-3 in The Diagnosis and Evaluation of Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
items: Potentials of Predators of Weaver Ants Towards Caterpillar in Palm Plantation with The Test Preferences Method
items: Characterization of Ozone Distribution in Distilled Water and Coconut Water Produced Using a Double Dielectric Barrier Discharge Machine
items: Optimization of pH on Enzymatic Activity of Eco-Enzyme Averrhoa bilimbi L. in Plaju District, South Sumatra
items: Anti-Proliferative Compound Candidate of White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria)
items: The Potential of Moringa oleifera Extract Waste as Fe Adsorbent in South Sumatra, Indonesia
items: Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) Study for Root and Bud Induction on Stem Cuttings of Stevia rebaudiana

Modulatory Effects of Fucoidan on Paracetamol-induced Hepatic Damage and Histological Alterations in Rasbora lateristriata
type: item
description: Paracetamol overdose is a well-documented cause of hepatic injury across vertebrate species, including teleost fish. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of fucoidan, a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae, against paracetamol-induced liver damage in Rasbora lateristriata. Fish were divided into five groups and exposed to paracetamol (3 mg/L) with or without co-treatment using fucoidan at concentrations of 50, 100, or 300 µg/mL for seven days. Histopathological evaluation of liver tissues was conducted using hematoxylin-eosin staining, with scoring focused on hydropic degeneration, nuclear pyknosis, and necrosis. Results showed that paracetamol exposure induced moderate hepatocellular degeneration characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, apoptotic nuclear changes, and necrotic lesions. Co-treatment with fucoidan at 300 µg/mL was associated with reduced severity across all damage parameters, suggesting partial protective effects. However, the 50 µg/mL group exhibited paradoxically severe hydropic changes despite the absence of pyknosis and necrosis, raising the possibility of a delayed or altered injury profile. At 100 µg/mL, intermediate outcomes were observed. Overall, fucoidan demonstrated dose-dependent but inconsistent hepatoprotective effects. The histological variability across doses suggests that protection may be influenced by factors such as bioavailability, cellular uptake, or interaction with intracellular stress pathways. These findings highlight the need for further mechanistic investigation before fucoidan can be considered a reliable hepatoprotective agent in aquatic toxicology.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidants
  topic: keywords
subject: Apoptosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Fucoidan
  topic: keywords
subject: Hepatotoxicity
  topic: keywords
subject: Paracetamol
  topic: keywords
creator: Fajar Sofyantoro
creator: Maula Haqul Dafa
creator: Alfian Primahesa
creator: Shintia Oktaviana
creator: Olvita Mayani
creator: Eben Ezer Simanungkalit
creator: Anthera Al Firdaus Prissandi
creator: Ardaning Nuriliani
creator: Bambang Retnoaji
creator: Hendry T. S. S. G. Saragih
creator: Zuliyati Rohmah
creator: Slamet Widiyanto
creator: Nastiti Wijayanti
creator: Nur Indah Septriani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fajar Sofyantoro, Maula Haqul Dafa, Alfian Primahesa, Shintia Oktaviana, Olvita Mayani, Eben Ezer Simanungkalit, Anthera Al Firdaus Prissandi, Ardaning Nuriliani, Bambang Retnoaji, Hendry T. S. S. G. Saragih, Zuliyati Rohmah, Slamet Widiyanto, Nastiti Wijayanti, Nur Indah Septriani http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
doi: 10.19109/biota.v0i0.27845

Effects of Integrated Nutrient Management on the Growth Performance of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) under Acidic Soil Conditions in Smallholder Farmer Fields
type: item
description: This research examines the impact of integrated nutrient management on the growth, yield, sugar content, and betalain concentration of beetroot cultivated in acidic soil (pH 4-5) within the farmer's field at Khadimnagar, Sylhet, Bangladesh. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used to assess six fertilizer treatments combining varying rates of Urea, MoP, TSP, and vermicompost. This study aimed to evaluate how integrated nutrient management affects the growth, yield, and quality of beetroot in acidic soil conditions. The results indicated significant effects of the treatments on the majority of parameters. Key findings showed that moderate nutrient application (T3: 300-150-300 kg/ha N-P-K + 3500 kg/ha vermicompost) produced the highest yield (26.75 t/ha), with significant improvements in root weight, length, diameter, and betalain content. In contrast, excessive fertilization (T5) led to reduced yield and quality, while no fertilization (T0) resulted in the poorest performance. The highest sugar content (Brix%) was observed in T2 at 7.775%, suggesting a positive effect of moderate nutrient application. The results indicate that a combination of N-P-K at 300-150-300 kg/ha with vermicompost at 3500 kg/ha is optimal for improving beetroot quality and productivity in slightly acidic soils. The control group (T0) exhibited the lowest performance across all measured parameters. The study highlights the importance of balanced nutrient management in acidic soils. The data suggests that higher nutrient doses (T3 and T5) lead to significant improvements in beetroot growth, quality, and yield, with T3 generally showing superior performance across key metrics. Further field trials are recommended to validate these findings across broader agroecological contexts.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Acidic Soil, Beetroot, Betalains, Nutrient Management, Sugar Content, and Yield
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Samiul Ahsan Talucder
creator: Akram Hossain
creator: Rafia Islam Tisha
creator: Md Abu Sayed Robi
creator: Lathuenu Marma
creator: Most. Papia Sultana
creator: Ahasan Ullah Khan Ahasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mohammad Samiul Ahsan Talucder, Akram Hossain, Rafia Islam Tisha, Md Abu Sayed Robi, Lathuenu Marma, Most. Papia Sultana, Ahasan Ullah Khan Ahasan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
starting page: 207
ending page: 216
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i2.27591

The potential for utilizing non-productive trunk of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) as Pulp and Wood Energy
type: item
description: The sugar palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) presents significant potential as a source of biomass energy and raw material for pulp production. In West Sumatra, particularly within the Tanah Datar and Lima Puluh Kota regencies, the cultivation of this plant spans approximately 376.75 hectares and 285.00 hectares, respectively. Although sap extraction for palm sugar and bioethanol remains the predominant application, the non-productive trunks are largely underexploited. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of these trunks, focusing on fiber dimensions, chemical composition, and calorific value. The results indicated that trunks sourced from Lima Puluh Kota exhibited longer fiber lengths (2.70-2.97 mm), power felting (90.33 µm), and higher Runkel ratios, categorizing them as Class I in terms of fiber quality for pulp production. Conversely, samples from Tanah Datar were classified as Class II. In terms of chemical composition, the cellulose content (ranging from 35.21% to 64.63%) and moderate levels of lignin (between 8.02% and 18.40%), both of which are advantageous for pulping processes. However, the calorific values, which ranged from 2,675 to 3,374 cal/g, were found to be below the standards established for biomass fuels at both national and international levels. These findings imply that the unproductive trunks of sugar palm are more appropriately utilized in the pulp and paper industry rather than for bioenergy production. Such optimal utilization could contribute to the development of a circular economy while also enhancing the value provided to local communities.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Arenga pinnata, Biomass, Non-Productive Trunks, Pulp, Renewable Energy
  topic: keywords
creator: Silmi Yusri Rahmadani
creator: Alponsin
creator: Dimas Surya Pratama
creator: Tesri Maideliza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Silmi Yusri Rahmadani, Alponsin, Dimas Surya Pratama, Tesri Maideliza http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-08-14
publication date: 2025-08-14
doi: 10.19109/biota.v0i0.27559

Diversity of Indigenous Fungi on the Roots of Eucalyptus deglupta in the Pelangi Forest at Ijen Geopark, Bondowoso
type: item
description: Eucalyptus deglupta, a native tree species known for its ecological and economic value, forms unique associations with root fungi that play essential roles in nutrient cycling and plant health. Therefore, this study aims to explore the diversity of indigenous fungi associated with the roots of Eucalyptus deglupta in the Pelangi Forest, located within the Ijen Geopark area, Bondowoso Regency. The methods employed included the isolation of fungal cultures and subsequent identification through macroscopic and microscopic examination of morphological characteristics. The isolation process yielded eight fungal isolates representing seven species: Microsporum gypseum, Aspergillus flavus, Mucor sp., Trichoderma sp., Geotrichum sp., Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Cladophialophora sp. The results indicated a considerable diversity among the isolated fungal species, with several taxa being reported for the first time in the study areaThese findings provide a valuable baseline for future ecological, biotechnological, and conservation studies, particularly in exploring the potential roles of these indigenous fungi in forest health, ecosystem resilience, and sustainable land management practices.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Indigenous Fungi
  topic: keywords
subject: Eucalyptus deglupta
  topic: keywords
subject: Biodiversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Pelangi Forest at Ijen Geopark Bondowoso
  topic: keywords
creator: Evi Hanizar
creator: Dwi Nur Rikhma Sari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 DWI NUR RIKHMA SARI, Evi Hanizar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
doi: 10.19109/biota.v0i0.27542

The Effect of Amphidromus palaceus and Lissachatina fulica land snail mucus on collagen density in white rats (Rattus norvegicus)
type: item
description: Treatment with natural ingredients is essential for healing incision wounds. One promising natural remedy is land snail mucus, which has been used for centuries to address various health conditions, including wounds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of mucus from Amphidromus palaceus and Lissachatina fulica on collagen density during the healing process of incision wounds in Rattus norvegicus. The in vivo study included 36 rats, divided into four cages with nine rats per cage. Each of rats subjected to approximately 1 cm incision wounds on their backs. The rats were divided into four groups: a negative control group (KN) receiving aquades, a positive control group (KP) treated with 1% bioplacenton, treatment group 1 (P1) receiving 25 µL of A. palaceus mucus, and treatment group 2 (P2) receiving 25 µL of L. fulica mucus. The experiment concluded on days H3, H5, H7, and H10. Histological preparations were made using MT staining to assess collagen density. The results showed both species of snail mucus significantly increased collagen density compared to the negative control (aquades). However, there were no statistically significant differences when comparing L. fulica, A. palaceus, and bioplacenton. Among all the treatment groups, L. fulica mucus (P2) produced the highest collagen density. These findings suggest that both types of snail mucus hold promising potential in promoting the wound healing process.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Gastropoda; In vivo; Incision wound; Masson trichome; Wound healing.
  topic: keywords
creator: Meilisha Putri Pertiwi
creator: Berry Juliandi
creator: Ayu Savitri Nurinsiyah
creator: Windra Priawandiputra
creator: Johan Iskandar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Meilisha Putri Pertiwi, Berry Juliandi, Ayu Savitri Nurinsiyah, Windra Priawandiputra, Johan Iskandar http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-03
publication date: 2025-05-03
starting page: 102
ending page: 112
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i2.27535

Exploration of Plastic Degrading Bacteria in the Musi River, PalembangCity
type: item
description: Musi River is a waterway in South Sumatra that faces increasing plastic pollution, threatening aquatic ecosystems and human life. This study aims to identify and evaluate plastic-degrading bacteria from Musi River using phenotypic and molecular approaches. The methods of this study include bacterial isolation, plastic degradation test, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to assess degradation efficiency and changes in surface morphology, phenotypic and molecular identification. The results showed that isolates S1I3, S1I5, and S2I1 had high plastic degradation potential, with levels of 38.03%, 34.73%, and 30.46%, respectively. SEM observations showed changes in surface morphology, including pores and cracks. Molecular identification confirmed that S1I3 was Bacillus proteolyticus (99.87%), while S1I5 and S2I1 matched Bacillus cereus (100%).
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Bacillus; Bacteria; Biodegradation; Musi River; Plastic Pollution.
  topic: keywords
creator: Hary Widjajanti
creator: Annisa Kemala Tasya
creator: Laila Hanum
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Hary Widjajanti, Annisa Kemala Tasya, Laila Hanum http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-26
publication date: 2025-04-26
starting page: 164
ending page: 180
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i2.27347

Nutritional Analysis of Different Maize Varieties and Silage Produced at Haor Area in Sylhet
type: item
description: Maize and silage play a critical role in livestock nutrition, offering a cost-effective feed with a balanced nutrient profile. Improving maize and silage quality is essential for maximizing animal performance. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition, fiber content, pH levels, and bacterial activity in silage made from two maize varieties—KMHB410 and HMS-PS-3355—using varying levels of molasses as an additive to improve silage quality. The study was conducted in Sylhet, Bangladesh where an absence of green grass causes the cattle to suffer from malnutrition throughout the lean season. Here silage was produced by mixing the chopped maize with 5% and 10% molasses, along with a control group. After 15 days of fermentation, the silage was assessed for dry matter (DM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF), and the presence of Lactobacillus spp. The study of Dry matter (DM) content ranged from (8.54 to 17.25) %, with HMS-PS-3355 at 17.25% and KMHB 10% molasses at 8.54% (P=0.002). Crude protein (CP) varied significantly (P=0.002), with KMHB C showing the highest value at 19.04%, while HMSC recorded 10.36%. The addition of molasses significantly reduced acid detergent fiber (ADF) content. Bacterial colony-forming units (CFU) were highest in the control silage (97×10⁶ CFU), while the 10% molasses treatment had the lowest count (38×10⁶ CFU), indicating that increased molasses concentrations reduced microbial growth. Confirmation and screening of Lactobacillus spp. in silage was carried out by culturing the microorganisms in a lactobacillus selective MRS media followed by different biochemical tests.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Bacterial strain; Biochemical; Phylogenetic; Silage; Zea mays
  topic: keywords
creator: Mahbub Hasan
creator: Mohammed Mehedi Hasan Khan
creator: Abdullah Al Mamun
creator: Jannati Ful
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mahbub Hasan, Mohammed Mehedi Hasan Khan, Abdullah Al Mamun, Jannati Ful http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-03-12
publication date: 2025-03-12
starting page: 113
ending page: 127
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i2.27177

The Effect of Growth Temperature and pH on Lipid Production of Mucor irregularis JR 1.1
type: item
description: Mucor irregularis JR 1.1 is a filamentous fungus that can produce lipids. The lipids produced by M. irregularis JR 1.1 reach 40-60%, so they can be used as raw material for biodiesel. Temperature and pH are important factors that support M. irregularis JR 1.1 lipid production. Optimum temperature and pH enhance the activity of enzymes involved in lipid production. Based on previous research, the optimization of temperature and pH in the lipid production of M. irregularis JR 1.1 has not been determined. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimal temperature and pH for lipid production by M. irregularis JR 1.1. The study involved varying temperature and pH treatments using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Subsequently, lipid production was performed at the optimum temperature and pH under different incubation times. Based on the research results, the highest biomass production was observed at 35°C and pH 4, the highest lipid production was at 35°C and pH 5.5, and the highest glucose consumption rate was at a temperature of 23°C and pH 5.5. The highest lipid yield percentage was 6.2%, and the highest production rate was 0.011g/L/hour at the 96th hour of incubation.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Mucor irregularis JR 1.1
  topic: keywords
subject: temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: pH
  topic: keywords
subject: lipids
  topic: keywords
creator: Anggi Putri Pertiwi
creator: Miftahul Ilmi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Anggi Putri Pertiwi, Miftahul Ilmi http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-07
publication date: 2025-10-07
doi: 10.19109/biota.v0i0.26790

Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Cellulolytic Bacteria in Syzygium aqueum Fruit
type: item
description: Some endophytic bacteria are known to have hydrolytic activity by producing hydrolase enzymes. Endophytic bacteria can be found in plant tissue. Exploration of endophytic cellulolytic bacteria in water apple (Syzygium aqueum) fruit has not been widely carried out, so this research is the first to be conducted. This study aimed to isolate, screen, and identify endophytic bacteria from water apple fruit that could produce cellulase enzymes. The research began with bacterial isolation. Then, cellulolytic screening was carried out by inoculating the isolates into a differential medium containing cellulose, Bushnell-Haas agar (BHA). The screening results were characterized and identified through 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis. The isolation results indicated that seven bacterial isolates were screened for cellulolytic activity by cultivating them on BHA medium. The screening revealed that one isolate encode CSZA2 had cellulolytic activity with a cellulolytic index of 0.87. Biochemical characterization and molecular identification of the CSZA2 isolate showed a 99.93% similarity to the Pseudomonas putida RTI2, a bacterium known for producing cellulase enzymes. The discovery of bacterial cellulolytic activity can be developed for biomass degradation, bioethanol production, and agricultural biotechnology.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Bacteria; Cellulolytic; Endophytic; Fruit; Syzygium aqueum
  topic: keywords
creator: Indra Adi Wira Prasetya
creator: Elsa Mega Suryani
creator: Rizka Kusuma Ningrum
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Indra Adi Wira Prasetya, Elsa Mega Suryani, Rizka Kusuma Ningrum http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-06-11
publication date: 2025-06-11
starting page: 196
ending page: 206
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i2.26424

Composition of Non-Volatile Flavor Compounds in Fresh and Dried Sea Lettuce (Ulva lactuca)
type: item
description: Drying has the potential to alter the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of food materials. This study aims to identify the composition of non-volatile flavor compounds in fresh and dried sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca). The identification of non-volatile flavor compounds was conducted using amino acid profiling through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The organoleptic characteristics, including appearance, aroma, texture, and taste of fresh and dried sea lettuce samples, were assessed through a simple descriptive test. The quantitative amino acid analysis data and the descriptive test results were analyzed using a comparative descriptive method. The findings revealed that both fresh and dried Ulva lactuca contain 17 types of amino acids, comprising 9 essential amino acids and 8 non-essential amino acids, which influence flavor characteristics. The descriptive test indicated that fresh Ulva lactuca is characterized by clean, shiny, and soft light green to dark green sheets with an elastic texture and a distinctive fresh seaweed aroma. In contrast, dried Ulva lactuca exhibited a yellowish-green color, a stiff and brittle texture, and a stronger salty taste with a slight umami sensation. These findings highlight the potential of Ulva lactuca as a versatile ingredient in food product development, particularly for enhancing flavor and nutritional value.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Non-volatile flavor compounds
  topic: keywords
subject: Drying
  topic: keywords
subject: Sea lettuce
  topic: keywords
creator: Lisa Gabriela
creator: Rusky Intan Pratama
creator: Junianto
creator: Iis Rostini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Lisa Gabriela, Rusky Intan Pratama, Junianto http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-04-24
publication date: 2025-04-24
starting page: 128
ending page: 144
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i2.25949

Antidiarrheal Potential and Phytochemical Profile of Different Solvent Extract of Jambu Wer (Elaeocarpus longifolius)
type: item
description: The ethnopharmacological significance of Elaeocarpus longifolius (Jambu Wer), an indigenous medicinal plant of the Tengger Tribe, remains underexplored. This study evaluates the antibacterial and phytochemical properties of E. longifolius fruit extracts using ethanol, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and chloroform as solvents. Antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae, pathogens commonly associated with severe diarrhea, using the agar disk-diffusion method. Phytochemical screening was conducted using reagent-based tests and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The ethanol extract exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones exceeding 20 mm against both bacterial species. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and tannins (compounds known for their pharmacological properties). These findings highlight the potential of E. longifolius ethanol extract as a promising natural therapeutic candidate for the development of Fitofarmaka targeting diarrheal diseases.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Antibacterial activity, Diarrheal diseases, Elaeocarpus longifolius, Phytochemicals, Solvent variations.
  topic: keywords
creator: Weka Sidha Bhagawan
creator: Jennifer Amaranto
creator: Percival Donato
creator: Jade Hison
creator: Alice Rivera
creator: Gema Santos
creator: Jo Peria
creator: Yona Prasetyo
creator: Titin Mandalawati
creator: Dioni Zatalini
creator: Vevi Maritha
creator: Analiza Tanghal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Weka Sidha Bhagawan, Vevi Maritha, Dioni Fadia Zatalini, Titin Kuntum Mandalawati, Yona Bayu Prasetyo, Jo Neil T Peria, Gema DC Santos, Alice T Rivera, Jade O Hison, Percival Donato, Jennifer Amaranto, Analiza B Tanghal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-30
publication date: 2025-01-30
starting page: 76
ending page: 89
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.25845

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolism and Immune Response: A Literature Review on Metabolic Health
type: item
description: The gut microbiota, a community of microorganisms within the digestive tract, plays a pivotal role in human health by regulating both immune function and metabolism. This review examines the contributions of the gut microbiota to immune responses and metabolic health, as well as its role in preventing chronic diseases. We employed a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) literature review spanning the last 50 years and analyzed 100 articles related to Gut Microbiota in Metabolism and Immune Response. The inclusion criteria encompassed all studies focusing on the gut microbiota’s impact on metabolic and immune functions, while non-relevant studies were excluded. Our analysis highlights recent findings on the microbiota’s ability to produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and reinforce mucosal integrity. A balanced gut microbiota supports immune regulation, inhibits pathogen colonization, and optimizes metabolic processes. However, lifestyle factors—including high-sugar, low-fiber diets, antibiotic misuse, stress, and insufficient sleep—can disrupt this microbial equilibrium and lead to dysbiosis. Such imbalances can precipitate metabolic and inflammatory disorders, including diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular conditions. This review underscores the importance of maintaining a balanced gut microbiota for disease prevention and long-term health, as well as the need to raise awareness about the impact of lifestyle choices on gut health.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Dysbiosis; Gut Microbiota; Immune System; Metabolic Health; SCFA
  topic: keywords
creator: Delia Yusfarani
creator: Uswatun Hasanah
creator: Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng
creator: Andi Saputra
creator: Muhammad Alif Saputra
creator: Ikhwan Hafizh Mauludi
creator: Kenny Edward Yap
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Delia Yusfarani, Uswatun Hasanah, Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng, Andi Saputra, Muhammad Alif Saputra, Ikhwan Hafizh Mauludi, Kenny Edward Yap http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-01
publication date: 2025-05-01
starting page: 145
ending page: 163
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i2.25315

Potential of Bacteriophages as Non-Alcoholic Antiseptic Hand Sanitizer
type: item
description: Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that can infect and replicate within bacterial cells, such as Escherichia coli. Phages demonstrate a strong ability to lyse host bacteria and exhibit high survivability, making them a promising innovation for use in non-alcoholic antiseptic products, such as hand sanitizer sprays and bacteriophage gels. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of bacteriophage-based hand sanitizer sprays and gels in reducing E. coli growth and total microbial colonies on palms, compared to commercial alcohol-based hand sanitizers. The method used in this study is a descriptive quantitative approach using an experimental method, specifically the Hand Sanitizer Spray and Bacteriophage Gel Test as Non-Alcohol Antiseptics. The average total bacterial colonies on male palms for the control treatment, phage gel sanitizer and commercial gel hand sanitizer were 1.95 x 104 CFU/mL; 1.15 x 103 CFU/mL; 2.55 x 103 CFU/mL, respectively, while on female palms, the values were 2.35 x 104 CFU/mL; 3.05 x 103 CFU/mL; 1.65 x 103 CFU/mL. The average total bacterial colonies on male palms for control treatment, phage sanitizer spray and commercial sanitizer spray were 1.30 x 105 CFU/mL; 2.05 x 103 CFU/mL; 9, 04 x 104 CFU/mL, respectively, while on female palms, the value was 1.58 x 105 CFU/mL; 8.36 x 103 CFU/mL; 8.79 x 104 CFU/mL. The results demonstrated that both bacteriophage hand sanitizer gel and spray significantly reduce bacterial colonies on palms, with phage-based hand sanitizer showing greater efficacy than commercial alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial; Bacteriophage; Escherichia coli; Hand Sanitizer
  topic: keywords
creator: Riri Novita Sunarti
creator: Ike Apriani
creator: Septa Ardiyan Muka Rohma
creator: Adam Ramat hidayat
creator: Frety Abelia Azzumar
creator: Salem Ebraiek
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Riri Novita Sunarti, Ike Apriani, Septa Ardiyan Muka Rohma, Adam Ramat hidayat, Frety Abelia Azzumar, Salem Ebraiek http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-05-29
publication date: 2025-05-29
starting page: 181
ending page: 195
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i2.25232

The Role of Zeolite in Alleviating Lead Toxicity in Tubifex tubifex
type: item
description: Low-cost, environmentally friendly adsorbents and catalysts have gained importance in research due to their impact on heavy metals in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of adsorbent material properties of zeolite against the lead bioaccumulation of Tubifex tubifex (Müller 1774). The oligochaete worms were exposed to 0.1 μg/l Pb, 0.1 μg/l Pb+0.1 μg/l zeolite, and 0.1 μg/l Pb+1 μg/l zeolite mixtures for 24, 48, and 96 hours. Lead accumulation in the whole body and environmental media of T. tubifex was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Lead toxicity increased with increasing durations of exposure. In all groups, lead accumulation was obtained to be statistically significant at exposure times. The presence and concentration of zeolite significantly reduced the accumulation of lead content in T. tubifex.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Bioaccumulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Lead
  topic: keywords
subject: Zeolite
  topic: keywords
creator: Burcu Yeşilbudak
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Burcu Yeşilbudak http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-12-02
publication date: 2024-12-02
starting page: 55
ending page: 63
doi: 10.19109/biota.v0i0.25096

Distribution of Uromycladium acaciae disease on Acacia mearnsii woodlots; response and farmers’ cultural management practices in Fagita Lekoma district, Ethiopia
type: item
description: Acacia mearnsii-based rotational cropping was introduced to Ethiopia's highlands in the past two decades for its charcoal production and soil enhancement benefits. However, since 2020, plantations have been threatened by disease infestation. This study examines the distribution of Uromycladium acaciae on Acacia mearnsii and its management options in Fagita Lekoma, Ethiopia. Using systematic sampling, 28 woodlots were established. Data collection employed transect walks, 140 household interviews, 11 informant interviews, and 3 group discussions. Plantation size was analyzed using analysis of variance, while the relationship between education level and disease management decisions was tested using chi-square with R-software. Results revealed that only 4.5-, 5.5-, and 6.5-year plantations were observed during field assessment. Plantations less than 4-year old were not observed. New plantings in the past three consecutive years were abandoned. Complete (100%) distribution occurred in woodlots aged 4.5 and 5.5 years, however, a slight reduction (90.3%) was observed in 6.5-year woodlots. Seedlings and younger trees were more damaged than mature trees. Tree producers did not implement any cultural control measures and lacked information about the occurrence, identity, and damage caused by diseases. Instead, they converted their younger plantations to other land uses and harvested older ones for fences, firewood, and charcoal. The disease was perceived as severe during the rainy seasons (74.6%). Most respondents (94.3%) were still interested in production and related activities, while 5.7% were strongly discouraged. Commencing plantations with a mix of non-target, fast-growing, and environmentally-friendly trees is ideal. Research on the integrated management of Uromycladium acaciae should be strengthened.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Acacia mearnsii
  topic: keywords
subject: invasive disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Plantation
  topic: keywords
subject: Uromycladium acaciae
  topic: keywords
subject: Woodlot
  topic: keywords
creator: Abebaw Alene Yallew
creator: Asmamaw Alemu Abtew
creator: Weldesenbet Beze Kassie
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Abebaw Alene Yallew, Asmamaw Alemu Abtew, Weldesenbet Beze Kassie http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 42
ending page: 54
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.24739

Satellite-derived Sea Level Height Trend and Variation associated with Eastern Little Tuna (Euthynus affinis) catch rates in the Makassar Strait
type: item
description: Sea level, a variable in oceanography that varies both spatially and temporally, is crucial for indicating global and regional ocean climate variability, which affects fish catches. Using satellite observation data, this research aimed to identify patterns and fluctuations in sea level trends and variation, and further examine their effects on the catch rates of Eastern Little Tuna in the Makassar Strait over a ten-year period, from 2013 to 2022. By averaging calculations and using spatial average maps, sea level time series were created to ascertain sea level height distribution. Histograms were used to determine the frequency of Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) at different sea levels. The results showed that the mean sea level in the Makassar Strait during the study period ranged from 0.48 to 0.78 m. The study reveals an annual and seasonal sea level variation in the Makassar Strait, with the highest values (0.65–0.7 m) during the northwest monsoon and the lowest values (0.5–0.6 m) during the southeast monsoon. Over the last decade, sea levels have risen by approximately 0.13 meters. The highest CPUE of Eastern Little Tuna corresponded to sea levels ranging from 0.6 to 0.65 m. Histogram analysis indicates that these sea levels yielded the highest CPUE of Eastern Little Tuna. Conversely, a significant increase in sea level from 0.75 to 0.8 m contributed to the lowest CPUE value of 30 kg/trip.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Makassar Strait, Seasonal, Sea level, Trend, Variation
  topic: keywords
creator: Mega L. Syamsuddin
creator: Ajeng Puspita
creator: Fadli Syamsudin
creator: Sunarto
creator: Neng T. Sofyana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mega L. Syamsuddin, Ajeng R. Puspita, Fadli Syamsudin, Sunarto, Neng T. Sofyana http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
doi: 10.19109/biota.v0i0.24057

Study of the Efficacy of Different Concentrations of Alcohol-Based Hand Sanitizer in Preventing Pathogen Transmission Through Palms
type: item
description: An integral part of the human body is the hands, which most frequently come into contact with various items; they can be an intermediary for spreading infections from hands to food and potentially eaten by humans. Maintaining hand hygiene is the right strategy to avoid this spread, which includes using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. This study examines the potential for varying concentrations of alcohol-based hand sanitizer to transmit pathogens through the palms. The form of research is a laboratory experiment with an appropriate research design. Test the antibacterial potential of variations in alcohol-based hand sanitizer concentrations of 40, 50, 60, 70, and 70% using well diffusion and dilution methods. The tests were done in quadruplicates. The test bacteria used are Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The results of the research showed that of the four variations in the concentration of alcohol-based hand sanitizer, the bacteriostatic ability against Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria was at a concentration of 40% to 80%. The bactericidal activity at a concentration of 80% was demonstrated by Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Bactericidal activity was demonstrated against Escherichia coli, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus at an 80% concentration.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Antibacterial efficacy, Alcohol-based hand sanitizer, Transmission of pathogen, Palms
  topic: keywords
creator: Evy Ratnasari Ekawati
creator: Setyo Dwi Santoso
creator: Muhammad Sungging Pradana
creator: Andreas Putro Ragil Santoso
creator: Mufida Hanum
creator: Intan Wahyunillah Zaidah Khoir
creator: Rosyidatul Arifina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Evy Ratnasari Ekawati, Setyo Dwi Santoso, Muhammad Sungging Pradana, Andreas Putro Ragil Santoso, Mufida Hanum, Intan Wahyunillah Zaidah Khoir, Rosyidatul Arifima http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-08-30
publication date: 2024-08-30
starting page: 168
ending page: 181
doi: 10.19109/biota.v10i2.23231

Natural Antioxidants Effect on the Performance of Erythrocytes, Leucocytes, and Hb Levels of Pregnant Mice Exposed to the Plastic
type: item
description: Plastic is a widely used material with several toxic components, such as free radicals. HDPE plastic is considered safer but requires more attention due to increased usage. Exogen antioxidant is needed to neutralize free radicals. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of natural antioxidants on the performance of erythrocytes, leucocytes, and hemoglobin levels of pregnant mice exposed to plastic compounds. The study used a completely randomized design with six groups and four replicates each. Those groups were aquadest control, plastic chemical compounds (PCC) control, PCC + carrot juice, PCC + orange juice, PCC + purple sweet potato juice, and PCC + mung bean sprouts juice. The PCC was obtained from boiling HDPE plastic, while natural antioxidant juice was from pure sources. Pregnant mice were treated with 0.25 ml of each orally for 21 days, starting from the first gestational day. Blood was collected from a caudal vein. Erythrocytes and leucocytes were counted using a hemocytometer, and Hb levels were measured by the Sahli method. Blood cell morphology was assessed using Giemsa-stained blood smears. Statistical data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA using GraphPad Prism ver.10.0 software, while morphology data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that PCC and natural antioxidants did not impact the number of erythrocytes, leucocytes, cell morphology, and Hb levels of pregnant mice. However, natural antioxidants may stabilize the erythrocyte total and Hb levels after the treatments are completed.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Erythrocytes; Leukocytes; HDPE plastic; Hemoglobin; Natural antioxidant.
  topic: keywords
creator: Endah Sri Palupi
creator: Eko Setio Wibowo
creator: IGA. Ayu Ratna Puspitasari
creator: Atang
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Endah Sri Palupi, Eko Setio Wibowo, IGA. Ayu Ratna Puspitasari, Atang http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-09-17
publication date: 2024-09-17
starting page: 64
ending page: 75
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.23677

Bioconcentration Factor of Avicennia marina (Forsk.) and Rhizophora mucronata (Lamk.) Inhabiting Coastal Area of Semarang City on Cadmium
type: item
description: Mangrove plants are expected to act as bioaccumulator for heavy metals in the coastal area. One of heavy metals with great potential risk to the environment is Cadmium (Cd). This research aimed to study the concentration of Cd in the sediment, water, and mangrove organs, as well as to analyse the bioconcentration factor of mangrove plants in the coastal area of Semarang City. This research was carried out through experimental survey. The survey was carried out to a specified environment criteria which could be considered as experiment setting, including the growing location and mangrove species. The growing location including the shore and pond area while mangrove species using Avicennia marina and Rhizophora mucronata. The parameters are Cd level in root, leaf, water and sediment. Samples of Cd was taken from leaf and root as well as water and sediment under mangrove stands growing in the shore and pond areas, then the sample was analyzed using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer (AAS) method. The data was analyzed using ANOVA and further testing using DMRT. The result suggested that Cd accumulation was much higher in the pond area, both in the water and sediment. In addition, Cd concentration in mangrove organs showed similar behaviour. Bioconcentration factor analysis suggests that A. marina and R. mucronata are potential as bioaccumulator of Cd based on BCF value more than 1, comprising the index up to 20.333 for A. marina and 24.866 for R. mucronata.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Mangrove
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioaccumulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Cadmium
  topic: keywords
subject: Bioconcentration Factor
  topic: keywords
creator: Endah Dwi Hastuti
creator: Munifatul Izzati
creator: Erma Prihastanti
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Endah Dwi Hastuti, Munifatul Izzati, Erma Prihastanti http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-10-30
publication date: 2024-10-30
starting page: 14
ending page: 27
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.22987

Flavonoids and Antioxidant Activities of Silver Nanoparticles of Extract Galaxaura rugosa
type: item
description: Algae Galaxaura rugosa contains phenolic compounds, flavonoids, β-carotene, and galactane sulfate, which are natural antioxidants. The development of antioxidants of red algae into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can improve their effectiveness in preventing ROS. The objective of this study is to synthesize silver nanoparticles using G. rugosa algae as well as to test the total flavonoid levels and antioxidant activity of G. rugosa silver nanoparticles. The method of research for synthesis silvernanoparticles using extract G. rugosa as a bioreductor. Characterization of silver nanoparticle G. rugosa using Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The total flavonoid and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles using UV- VIS spectrophotometer. The test of antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The research results showed that silver nanoparticles using G. rugosa resulted in a color change of the soluble from green to yellow. The UV- VIS spectrophotometer measurement in the 570-580 nm wave range with a maximum wavelength of 406 nm. The measurement of the size distribution of the nanoparticles formed using PSA is an average of 11 nm. Total flavonoid silver nanoparticles of G. rugosa value of 36.21±0.65 mgQE/g higher than extract value of 32,12±0,79 mgQE/g. The antioxidant activity of IC50 of silver nanoparticle G. rugosa value of 26.658 ±1.44 ppm is very strong and the extract value of 46,128 ± 1.6 is strong category.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Antioxidant; Flavonoid; Galaxaura rugose; Silver nanoparticle
  topic: keywords
creator: Evika Savitri
creator: Mohamad Fajar Bahari
creator: Eko Budi Minarno
creator: Shinta
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Evika Savitri, Mohamad Fajar Bahari, Eko Budi Minarno, Shinta http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-09-11
publication date: 2024-09-11
starting page: 1
ending page: 13
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.22946

Interleukin-33 as a Potential Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study
type: item
description: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that affects about 1% of the general population. It is characterized by chronic, progressive, and systemic inflammation. Interleukin-33 (IL-33), is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is believed to be involved in joint inflammation in RA. This cross-sectional research aims to determine if interleukin-33 (IL-33) could serve as a potential biomarker for RA diagnosis and evaluation of activity of RA. The research involved 132 patients with inflammatory arthritis, and their serum levels of IL-33 and anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) were measured using ELISA. Other routine biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor (RF), were also measured. The median (IQR) of IL-33 was significantly lower in patients with RA [10.576 pg/mL (7.920)] than in those with other types of inflammatory arthritis [12.896 pg/mL (5.700)]. The study also revealed a non-significant difference in IL-33 levels among the four disease activity groups according to DAS-28 ESR and DAS-28 CRP (P = 0.830, P = 0.340, respectively). Additionally, IL-33 had a significant negative correlation with age (P = 0.019) and diabetes mellitus (P = 0.032). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to evaluate IL-33 as a diagnostic tool, showing a sensitivity of 59.8% and a specificity of 72% at a cut-off value of ≤11.8207 pg/mL. IL-33 test alone is not sufficient for the diagnosis of RA or differentiating it from other types of inflammatory arthritis. Also, it cannot be used as a routine biomarker for the evaluation of RA activity.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Interleukin-33 (IL-33), DAS-28 ESR, DAS-28 CRP.
  topic: keywords
creator: Mays Saleh Khamees
creator: Raad Abdulameer Alasady
creator: Hashim Ali Alsherees
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Mays Saleh Khamees, Raad Abdulameer Alasady, Hashim Ali Alsherees http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-11-25
publication date: 2024-11-25
starting page: 28
ending page: 41
doi: 10.19109/biota.v0i0.22769

Induction of in Vitro Germination of Tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kostrem.): Effect of Antioxidants and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
type: item
description: The bark of tandui (Mangifera rufocostata Kostrem.) is commonly used as a medicine for diabetes. Regeneration of this plant is difficult, and continuous harvesting of the bark leads to a decrease in the plant population. The purpose of this research is to apply tissue culture techniques for the propagation of tandui. Different antioxidants (KNO3, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), Murashige and Skoog (MS) media + PVP, and MS + ascorbic acid) and varying concentrations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (0.8, 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4 mg L–1) were tested for embryogenic tandui. The application of KNO3 and PVP suppressed the formation of browning in the media and explant of tandui. Soaking the explants in KNO3 and PVP reduce browning to 35% and 20%, respectively. The results also showed that increasing the concentration of 2,4-D enhanced the percentage of embryogenic tandui. Supplementing the media with 1.4 mg L–1 2,4-D resulted in 90% of embryogenic tandui. This study demonstrates that pre-soaking explants in antioxidants significantly reduces media browning, and supplementation of MS media with 2,4-D enhance embryogenic process. Thus, micropropagation of tandui could be achieved on a commercial basis.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Germination; In vitro; Micropropagation; Phenolic Compounds; Somatic Embryogenesis
  topic: keywords
creator: Adistina Fitriani
creator: Yudi Firmanul Arifin
creator: Gusti Muhammad Hatta
creator: Raihani Wahdah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Adistina Fitriani, Yudi Firmanul Arifin, Gusti Muhammad Hatta, Raihani Wahdah http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2025-01-31
publication date: 2025-01-31
starting page: 90
ending page: 101
doi: 10.19109/biota.v11i1.22190

Functional 3D Structure Analysis of Quasispecies Variants of Hepatitis B Virus Surface and Core Protein in Advanced Liver Disease and Chronic HBV Infection Patients in Indonesia: In Silico
type: item
description: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an endemic virus and belongs to Hepadnaviridae family. This virus can result in variations of quasispecies due to its high rate of mutation. A quasispecies variant is a small population and develops as a result of mutation and can become a wild-type population. This research aims to study and carry out 3D modeling on 12 in-house full sequence HBV genome isolates from Indonesia and obtain predictive visualization data to become a reference for further research leading to the production of anti-virals and natural treatments for HBV. 12 in-house full HBV genome sequences obtained from previous research were used to carry out 3D modeling and structural analysis of the surface protein, core protein, and polymerase protein. Analysis was carried out in silico using programs available online. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using MEGA11, translation of nucleotides into protein sequences using the ExPAsy Translate portal, physiochemical analysis using ProtParam portal, and functional domain testing using the MOTIF tool from GenomeNet. Then 3D modelling using Phyre2 and SWISS-MODEL. The major mutation of the S protein occurs in L21S and mutations in the C protein mainly occur in P79Q and S87G. The model for S Protein from homology structure prediction is not reliable thus it still needs more templates from experimental techniques. While C Protein structure prediction can provide information for further research in alternative natural antiviral treatment.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: 3D model, endemic, genome, HBV, protein
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuel Johanes Aldrian Mahulette
creator: Adhisa Fathirisari Putri
creator: Azki Afidati Putri Anfa
creator: Yoshihiko Yano
creator: Jajar Setiawan
creator: Wahyu Aristyaning Putri
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Samuel Johanes Aldrian Mahulette, Adhisa Fathirisari Putri, Azki Afidati Putri Anfa, Yoshihiko Yano, Jajar Setiawan, Wahyu Aristyaning Putri http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-05-31
publication date: 2024-05-31
starting page: 144
ending page: 156
doi: 10.19109/Biota.v10i2.21681

The Role of Galectin-3 in The Diagnosis and Evaluation of Disease Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis
type: item
description: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that primarily affects small joints, leading to joint inflammation, pain, and limited mobility. New biomarkers specific to RA could facilitate early diagnosis and treatment, while also enabling better monitoring of disease activity and treatment response. By ELISA, galectin-3 (gal-3) level was measured in 133 patients with inflammatory arthritis to determine the diagnostic value of gal-3 in the diagnosis of RA and evaluate the disease activity. Serum gal-3 levels were significantly higher in RA patients compared to patients with other types of inflammatory arthritis. According to CDAI, DAS-28 ESR, and DAS-28 CRP, gal-3 showed positive correlations with disease activity scores. Galectin-3 at a cut-off value of ≥ 2.4 ng/ml, revealed 89% sensitivity, 91% specificity, and an AUC of 0.893. There was a significant correlation between gal-3 and the age of RA patients, while no significant correlations were observed with gender, BMI, and smoking index. Notably, gal-3 levels correlated significantly with CRP, RF titer, and ACPA levels. Therefore, gal-3 can be considered a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis of RA and evaluating the disease activity.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Rheumatoid Arthritis, Galectin-3, CDAI, DAS-28 ESR, and DAS-28 CRP
  topic: keywords
creator: Shihab Mahmood Almurshedi
creator: Raad Abdulameer Alasady Alasady
creator: Hashim Ali Alsherees
creator: Ali M. Almohana
creator: Kareem Gali Aljayashi
creator: Dhifaf Hameed Almudhaffer
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-08-11
publication date: 2023-08-11
starting page: 118
ending page: 126
doi: 10.19109/Biota.v9i2.18343

Potentials of Predators of Weaver Ants Towards Caterpillar in Palm Plantation with The Test Preferences Method
type: item
description: The problem that arises in palm oil plantation operation on a huge scale is the appearance of caterpillar pest that attacks palm oil plants. There are several important pests that attack palm oil plants such as caterpillars which are the sort of Setora nitens. The appearance of the past becomes an important concern for the world’s plantation. How to eradicate the pest naturally is the performed effort. This effort can be done by using weaver ant. Weaver has the potential as the natural enemy of palm oil because they can be nesting in arboreal areas. So, this research object will focus on observing the weaver ant (Ocoephylla smaragdina) predator ability by using the forage preference test method toward several types of dominant pests in palm oil plants, especially caterpillars. Preference for choice and no-choice tests. The material used is an oil palm plantation with four species of caterpillar as the main pest on a palm plantation. The tool used in the test box amount to four in which each of the six different types of caterpillars are inserted. This research is conducted on a laboratory scale by using a complete random program experiment (CRP) and was conducted in April 2016 at Biology Laboratory UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. The research results show that the weaver ant (O. smaragdina) can prey on the S. nitens caterpillar the similarity test average is 87,50% by using a nonchoice technique. The choice methods O. smaragdina can be prey 41,67% S. nitens. In the similarity test average choice techniques are different (83,33%).
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: O. smaragdina, Caterpillar (S. nitens), Preference test, Choice and non-choice Methods, Palm oil Plantations
  topic: keywords
creator: Irham Falahudin
creator: Shafira Septriani
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-08-11
publication date: 2023-08-11
starting page: 107
ending page: 117
doi: 10.19109/Biota.v9i2.16943

Characterization of Ozone Distribution in Distilled Water and Coconut Water Produced Using a Double Dielectric Barrier Discharge Machine
type: item
description: Ozone produced using plasma technology can act as an antimicrobial agent that could be applied in a sterilization process. A Double Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DDBD) machine has ability to produce ozone in sufficient amount for microbial inactivation. The objective of this study is to characterize the ozone distribution expressed as dissolved ozone in distilled water and coconut water produced using a DDBD machine. The information can be useful for industries to design a commercial sterilization process. The results shows that an oxygen flow rate of 0.2 L/min produces the highest ozone concentration, i.e. 3440 mg/L. In addition, the capacity of the machine is relatively similar to all off oxygen flow rate, i.e., 41.28-43.2 g/hour. The oxygen flow rate of 0.2 L/min produces the highest dissolved ozone concentration, i.e. 0.42 mg/L distilled water. This oxygen flow rate is followed by its best kinetic model based on its linear portion during dissolved ozone penetration. A zero order model could describe this penetration process well, including its best k value of 0.0292 mg/L per minute with the highest dissolved ozone concentration among other oxygen flow rates. Besides, distilled water could represent dissolved ozone penetration in coconut water. Ozone gas and dissolved ozone concentration have possitive corellation with R-square value of 0.8934.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Coconut Water; Double Dielectric Barrier Discharge; Oxygen; Ozone
  topic: keywords
creator: David Yudianto
creator: Ratih Dewanti Hariyadi
creator: Sukarno Sukarno
creator: Muhammad Nur
creator: Eko Hari Purnomo
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-08-11
publication date: 2023-08-11
starting page: 80
ending page: 96
doi: 10.19109/Biota.v9i2.16714

Optimization of pH on Enzymatic Activity of Eco-Enzyme Averrhoa bilimbi L. in Plaju District, South Sumatra
type: item
description: Enzymes are biocatalysts that have many benefits in the industry and the environment. Eco-enzymes are reported to have amylase, lipase, and protease activities. Enzymatic activity is strongly influenced by several factors, one of which is pH. This study aims to determine the optimum enzymatic activity (amylase, lipase and protease) of Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit eco-enzymes with various pH treatments (5, 6, 7, 8). Enzymatic activity was measured using a spectrophotometric method. Amylase activity assay using starch as a substrate. Casein and para nitrophenol palmitate were used as substrates. Casein was used as a substrate in the protease activity assays. In the lipase activity assays, para nitrophenol palmitate was used as substrate. Data analysis results are presented in graphical and descriptive. Averrhoa bilimbi L. fruit eco-enzyme has a protein concentration of 0.459 mg/ml. The optimum activity of amylase at pH 5 was 11,713.871 U/mg. Optimum activity and protease activity occurred at pH 8 and 6 of 3.667 U/mg and 13,400.77 U/mg, respectively.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Enzymatic activity, Averrhoa bilimbi L, Eco-enzyme, pH.
  topic: keywords
creator: Siti Soleha
creator: Delima Engga maretha
creator: Andi Saputra
creator: Siti Rachmi Indahsari
creator: Binsar Butar Butar
creator: Ahma Adi Suhendra
creator: Maharani Maharani
creator: Harlis Harlis
creator: Hari Kapli
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-08-11
publication date: 2023-08-11
starting page: 72
ending page: 79
doi: 10.19109/Biota.v9i2.16460

Anti-Proliferative Compound Candidate of White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria)
type: item
description: Malignant disease or cancer progression burden the community after decades. This tumor formation or tumorigenesis involves cell proliferation. Protein Kinases (MAPK9s) is key proteins of regulating the growth and viability of cells physiologically and pathologically. Rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria or zedoary or white turmeric is used as a health supplement. The aim of this study was to obtained candidate proteins for anti-proliferative using the docking method between the protein MAPK9 and the active compound obtained from the crude extract of white turmeric i.e. demethoxycurcumin, curcumenol and germacrone. The result s hows that complex MAPK-demethoxycurcumin have the lowest binding affinity -8.4 Kkal/mol, while MAPK-curcumenol was -8 Kkal/mol, and MAPK-Germacrone was -6.2 Kkal/mol, it determined the potential activity cell proliferation.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Anti-proliferative
  topic: keywords
subject: curcumenol
  topic: keywords
subject: demethoxycurcumin
  topic: keywords
subject: germacrone
  topic: keywords
subject: in-silico
  topic: keywords
subject: white turmeric
  topic: keywords
creator: Putu Oky Ari Tania
creator: Candra Rini Hasanah Putri
creator: Ayling Sanjaya
creator: Titiek Sunaryati
creator: Deddy Hartanto
creator: Erlix R Purnama
creator: Meivy Isnoviana
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-08-23
publication date: 2023-08-23
starting page: 61
ending page: 71
doi: 10.19109/Biota.v9i2.13746

The Potential of Moringa oleifera Extract Waste as Fe Adsorbent in South Sumatra, Indonesia
type: item
description: The issue of environmental pollution has become a concern, especially for the government, since the establishment of Law No. 4 of 1982. This is because the effects of pollution can be toxic and even fatal for living beings, particularly humans. One of the pollutants in the environment generated from mining industry waste is heavy metal Fe. In light of these problems, a study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of sawdust and Moringa twigs as by-products in adsorbing heavy metal iron (Fe) in the liquid waste of the gold mining industry. This research is classified as pure experimental research. The research reveals that the mean percentage reduction in the heavy metal iron (Fe) content in the gold mining industry wastewater, after treatment with the addition of Moringa leaf powder, is 9.6%. On the other hand, treatment with the addition of Moringa stem powder achieves a reduction of 92%. This significant difference is attributed to the bioactive compound rhamnosyloxy-benzyl isothiocyanate present in Moringa. This compound has the ability to adsorb and neutralize sludge and metal particles found in the waste suspension, along with dirt particles in the water. Consequently, Moringa shows potential as a natural coagulant for water purification purposes.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Adsorption; Moringa Oleifera; Waste; Water.
  topic: keywords
creator: Syarifah Syarifah
creator: Ra Hoetari Tirta Amelia
creator: Riri Novita Sunarti
creator: Awalul Fatiqin
creator: Yahya Febrianto
creator: Thathit Suprayogi
creator: Yithro Serang
rights: Copyright (c)
date: 2023-08-30
publication date: 2023-08-30
starting page: 97
ending page: 106
doi: 10.19109/Biota.v9i2.16664

Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) Study for Root and Bud Induction on Stem Cuttings of Stevia rebaudiana
type: item
description: The Stevia plant is used as a low calorie natural sweetener known as"the sweet herb of Paraguay". Stevia leaves a higher level of sweetness than cane sugar. Stevia can be propagated by stem cutting techniques. Soaked of stem cuttings in Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) auxin can promote the growth and development of Stevia. Research was conducted to determine the effect of commercial PGRs (Rootone-f) and natural PGRs from Shallot extract. This study used a complete randomized design with different concentrations, both Rootone-f (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 mg/L) and shallot extract (0, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%). Observations were made after 6 weeks (42 days) of planting on several growth parameters (height of plant, number or buds, number of leaves, number of roots and length of roots). Commercial PGRs showed a significant effect on growth parameters. While natural PGRs of shallot showed a significant effect on height of growth parameters. The recommended concentration of commercial PGRs for Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni M. stem cuttings was 300 mg/L.
subject: Artikel
  topic: section
subject: Stevia rebaudiana, stem Cuttings, Rootone-f, Auxin, shallot extract
  topic: keywords
creator: Ike Apriani
creator: Sonia Adiba
creator: Dawani
creator: Tito Nurseha
creator: Awalul Fatiqin
creator: Yessy Velina
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Ike Apriani, Sonia Adiba, Dawani , Tito Nurseha, Awalul Fatiqin, Yessy Velina http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
date: 2024-05-03
publication date: 2024-05-03
starting page: 116
ending page: 121
doi: 10.19109/biota.v10i2.22022