Determinasi Politik Terhadap Kinerja Reformasi Birokrasi di Kementerian Pertahanan: Kompetensi SDM, Tata Kelola, dan Desain Reformasi Kontekstual
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Background: Bureaucratic reform is a government program to realize a clean, effective, transparent, and accountable administration for public service. However, as of 2025, the achievement of the Bureaucratic Reform Index, the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE), and the Government Institution Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) in the Ministry of Defence has not yet reached the targeted standards. Objective: This study identifies obstacles to achieving the targets of the Bureaucratic Reform Index, SPBE, and SAKIP in the Ministry of Defence. Methods: This research employs a quantitative approach, with data analysed using Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS 4). Results: The findings show that the competencies of Civil Servants (ASN) and military personnel exert a significant and positive effect on bureaucratic reform in the Ministry of Defence (T-statistics = 5886.822; p-value = 0.000; F² = 0.054). The contextual grand design of bureaucratic reform has a significant and positive influence on the achievement of bureaucratic reform outcomes (T-statistics = 3.367; p-value = 0.001; F² = 0.010). In contrast, the national bureaucratic reform framework does not display a significant positive effect on the contextual grand design in the Ministry of Defence, because it functions primarily as a mediating variable (T-statistics = 0.488; p-value = 0.626; F² = 99,027.865). Conclusion: The overall achievement of bureaucratic reform, SPBE, and SAKIP in the Ministry of Defence is determined by personnel competence. A contextual bureaucratic reform grand design must be formulated, and reform performance strengthened through human resource capacity enhancement aligned with national reform policies.
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