Molecular Weight and Functional Group Analysis of Low Molecular Weight of Liquid Cyclic Natural Rubber
Main Article Content
Abstract
The research about molecular weight and functional group analysis of low molecular weight liquid cyclic natural rubber has been done. The aim of this research is to achievement the quality of low molecular weight of liquid cyclic natural rubber. This research has been made in several steps such as preparation of the sample of rubber, the process of molecular degradation of cyclic rubber, and characterization of LCNR by using FTIR, GPC and viscosity test. Degradation is done with the help of the phenylhydrazine reagent with oxygen gas atmosphere with a flow rate of 2 LMin-1 for 24 hours. Molecular weight analysis by GPC had result the LCNR sample had a Mw is 60,556, a Mn is 6,661, and a PDI is 11,08613. The intrinsic viscosity can be used by relating it to the molecular weight by the Mark Houwink – Sakurada (MHS) equation and get the result 63.533 for LCNR molecular weight. The C-H stretching and bending region are two of the most difficult regions to interpret in infrared spectra. The ranges between 3300 to 2750 cm-1 is the C-H stretching region, is the more practical of the two regions. The frequency with which C-H bonds are obstructed is largely determined by the type of hybridization attributed to the bond. The stronger the vibrational force constant, the higher the vibration frequency.
Article Details
How to Cite
Molecular Weight and Functional Group Analysis of Low Molecular Weight of Liquid Cyclic Natural Rubber. (2022). ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Dan Terapan, 6(1), 204-212. https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v6i1.11711
Section
Articles
- The author saves the copyright and gives the journal simultaneously with the license under Creative Commons Attribution License which permits other people to share the work by stating that it is firstly published in this journal.
- The author can post their work in an institutional repository or publish it in a book by by stating that it is firstly published in this journal.
- The author is allowed to post their work online (for instance, in an institutional repository or their own website) before and during the process of delivery. (see Open Access Effect).
How to Cite
Molecular Weight and Functional Group Analysis of Low Molecular Weight of Liquid Cyclic Natural Rubber. (2022). ALKIMIA : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia Dan Terapan, 6(1), 204-212. https://doi.org/10.19109/alkimia.v6i1.11711
References
[1] B.-S. Indonesia, Indonesian Rubber Statistics 2020. BPS-Statistic Indonesia, 2020.
[2] S. Liengprayoon and L. Vaysse, “Investigating natural rubber composition with Fourier Transform Infrared ( FT-IR ) spectroscopy : A rapid and non-destructive method to determine both protein and lipid contents simultaneously,” vol. 43, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.02.011.
[3] C. E. Federico et al., “Resolving cavitation in silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber composites upon cyclic tensile testing,” Polym. Test., vol. 100, no. June, p. 107274, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107274.
[4] Y. Merckel, J. Diani, M. Brieu, and D. Berghezan, “Experimental characterization and modelling of the cyclic softening of carbon-black filled rubbers,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 528, no. 29–30, pp. 8651–8659, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.023.
[5] D. Darya, F. Arbeiter, R. Schaller, A. Holzner, W. Kern, and S. Schlögl, “Influence of crosslinker and water on cyclic properties of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber ( XNBR ),” Polym. Test., vol. 67, no. March, pp. 309–321, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.03.021.
[6] P. Phinyocheep, Chemical modification of natural rubber (NR) for improved performance 3. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2017.
[7] A. H. Ritonga, N. Jamarun, S. Arief, H. Aziz, D. A. Tanjung, and B. Isfa, “Improvement of Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Organo-Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Filled LLDPE/Cyclic Natural Rubber Composites,” Indones. J. Chem., vol. 22, no. 1, p. 233, 2021, doi: 10.22146/ijc.68888.
[8] B. Aritonang, . Tamrin, B. Wirjosentono, and . Eddiyanto, “Modification and Characterization Natural Cycle Rubber (Resipren-35) with Oleat Acid using Dicumyl Peroxide and Divinilbenzena as Compatibility,” no. Icocsti 2019, pp. 145–151, 2020, doi: 10.5220/0008859701450151.
[9] Q. Guo, F. Zaïri, and X. Guo, “SC,” Int. J. Plast., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2017.10.011.
[10] L. Widiarti, B. Wirjosentono, and Eddyanto, “Analysis of Thermal Properties and Solubility Test of Cyclic,” Kim. Mulawarman, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 139–143, 2017.
[11] H. B. Wibowo and W. C. Dharmawan, “Pengembangan Dan Pemilihan Teknik Analisis Berat Molekul Htpb Untuk Acuan Dalam Kontrol Kualitas ( Molecular Weight Analysis Development,” J. Teknol. Dirgant., vol. 16, pp. 59–70, 2018.
[12] Y. Liang et al., “Cyclic Uniaxial Mechano Optical Studies on Stress-Softening Behavior of Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites,” Polymer (Guildf)., 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.039.
[13] J. Chenal, L. Chazeau, L. Guy, Y. Bomal, and C. Gauthier, “Molecular weight between physical entanglements in natural rubber : A critical parameter during strain-induced crystallization,” vol. 48, pp. 1042–1046, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.031.
[14] M. T. Loukil, G. Corvec, E. Robin, M. Miroir, J. Le Cam, and P. Garnier, “Stored energy accompanying cyclic deformation of filled rubber,” Eur. Polym. J., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.035.
[15] M. Martı, R. Torregrosa-coque, and A. Sonia, “International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives Migration of low molecular weight moiety at rubber – polyurethane interface : An ATR-IR spectroscopy study,” vol. 31, pp. 389–397, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.03.003.
[16] N. Sukhawipat, N. Saetung, J. Pilard, S. Bistac, and A. Saetung, “International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Effects of molecular weight of hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber on novel cationic waterborne polyurethane : A new approach to water-based adhesives for leather applications,” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., vol. 99, no. March, p. 102593, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102593.
[17] T. Overview, “Hydrogen Transfer,” pp. 151–207, 2017, doi: 10.1002/9780470141472.ch6.
[18] W. Luan, C. Wang, Z. Zeng, W. Xue, F. Liang, and Y. Bai, “Effects of temperature and solvent composition on the intrinsic viscosity of polyvinyl butyral in ethanol/water solutions,” J. Mol. Liq., vol. 336, p. 116864, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116864.
[19] X. P. Cheng, H. B. Zhang, J. J. Hu, L. F. Feng, X. P. Gu, and C. Jean-Pierre, “Characterization of broad molecular weight distribution polyethylene with multi-detection gel permeation chromatography,” Polym. Test., vol. 67, pp. 213–217, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.02.017.
[20] S. Karakus et al., “Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose/poly (ethylene glycol) -rosin pentaerythritolester polymeric nanoparticles: Role of intrinsic viscosity and surface morphology,” Surfaces and Interfaces, vol. 21, no. August, p. 100642, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100642.
[2] S. Liengprayoon and L. Vaysse, “Investigating natural rubber composition with Fourier Transform Infrared ( FT-IR ) spectroscopy : A rapid and non-destructive method to determine both protein and lipid contents simultaneously,” vol. 43, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2015.02.011.
[3] C. E. Federico et al., “Resolving cavitation in silica-filled styrene-butadiene rubber composites upon cyclic tensile testing,” Polym. Test., vol. 100, no. June, p. 107274, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2021.107274.
[4] Y. Merckel, J. Diani, M. Brieu, and D. Berghezan, “Experimental characterization and modelling of the cyclic softening of carbon-black filled rubbers,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 528, no. 29–30, pp. 8651–8659, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2011.08.023.
[5] D. Darya, F. Arbeiter, R. Schaller, A. Holzner, W. Kern, and S. Schlögl, “Influence of crosslinker and water on cyclic properties of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber ( XNBR ),” Polym. Test., vol. 67, no. March, pp. 309–321, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.03.021.
[6] P. Phinyocheep, Chemical modification of natural rubber (NR) for improved performance 3. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2017.
[7] A. H. Ritonga, N. Jamarun, S. Arief, H. Aziz, D. A. Tanjung, and B. Isfa, “Improvement of Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Organo-Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Filled LLDPE/Cyclic Natural Rubber Composites,” Indones. J. Chem., vol. 22, no. 1, p. 233, 2021, doi: 10.22146/ijc.68888.
[8] B. Aritonang, . Tamrin, B. Wirjosentono, and . Eddiyanto, “Modification and Characterization Natural Cycle Rubber (Resipren-35) with Oleat Acid using Dicumyl Peroxide and Divinilbenzena as Compatibility,” no. Icocsti 2019, pp. 145–151, 2020, doi: 10.5220/0008859701450151.
[9] Q. Guo, F. Zaïri, and X. Guo, “SC,” Int. J. Plast., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2017.10.011.
[10] L. Widiarti, B. Wirjosentono, and Eddyanto, “Analysis of Thermal Properties and Solubility Test of Cyclic,” Kim. Mulawarman, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 139–143, 2017.
[11] H. B. Wibowo and W. C. Dharmawan, “Pengembangan Dan Pemilihan Teknik Analisis Berat Molekul Htpb Untuk Acuan Dalam Kontrol Kualitas ( Molecular Weight Analysis Development,” J. Teknol. Dirgant., vol. 16, pp. 59–70, 2018.
[12] Y. Liang et al., “Cyclic Uniaxial Mechano Optical Studies on Stress-Softening Behavior of Natural Rubber/Clay Nanocomposites,” Polymer (Guildf)., 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.02.039.
[13] J. Chenal, L. Chazeau, L. Guy, Y. Bomal, and C. Gauthier, “Molecular weight between physical entanglements in natural rubber : A critical parameter during strain-induced crystallization,” vol. 48, pp. 1042–1046, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.031.
[14] M. T. Loukil, G. Corvec, E. Robin, M. Miroir, J. Le Cam, and P. Garnier, “Stored energy accompanying cyclic deformation of filled rubber,” Eur. Polym. J., 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.11.035.
[15] M. Martı, R. Torregrosa-coque, and A. Sonia, “International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives Migration of low molecular weight moiety at rubber – polyurethane interface : An ATR-IR spectroscopy study,” vol. 31, pp. 389–397, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.03.003.
[16] N. Sukhawipat, N. Saetung, J. Pilard, S. Bistac, and A. Saetung, “International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Effects of molecular weight of hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber on novel cationic waterborne polyurethane : A new approach to water-based adhesives for leather applications,” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., vol. 99, no. March, p. 102593, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2020.102593.
[17] T. Overview, “Hydrogen Transfer,” pp. 151–207, 2017, doi: 10.1002/9780470141472.ch6.
[18] W. Luan, C. Wang, Z. Zeng, W. Xue, F. Liang, and Y. Bai, “Effects of temperature and solvent composition on the intrinsic viscosity of polyvinyl butyral in ethanol/water solutions,” J. Mol. Liq., vol. 336, p. 116864, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116864.
[19] X. P. Cheng, H. B. Zhang, J. J. Hu, L. F. Feng, X. P. Gu, and C. Jean-Pierre, “Characterization of broad molecular weight distribution polyethylene with multi-detection gel permeation chromatography,” Polym. Test., vol. 67, pp. 213–217, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.02.017.
[20] S. Karakus et al., “Preparation and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose/poly (ethylene glycol) -rosin pentaerythritolester polymeric nanoparticles: Role of intrinsic viscosity and surface morphology,” Surfaces and Interfaces, vol. 21, no. August, p. 100642, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100642.