Microwave-Assisted Alkaline (NaOH) Pretreatment of Empty Palm Fruit Bunches (EPFB) in the Production of Second-Generation Bioethanol
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19109/zw8f0b77Keywords:
Second-Generation Bioethanol, Empty Fruit Bunches of Oil Palm (EFBOP), Microwave Assisted-Alkaline Pretreatment, Lignocellulose, Renewable EnergyAbstract
The scarcity of fossil fuels drove the development of renewable energy, including second-generation bioethanol derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Empty Fruit Bunches of Oil Palm (EFBOP) represented an abundant agro-industrial waste rich in cellulose, thus showing potential as a bioethanol feedstock. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Microwave Assisted-Alkaline Pretreatment method in optimizing the conversion of EFBOP into bioethanol. The pretreatment process employed NaOH and microwave radiation to reduce lignin content, increase cellulose concentration, and decrease crystallinity levels. The study also evaluated the influence of Microwave Power (380 W, 500 W, 700 W) and alkali concentration (0.5 M, 0.6 M, 0.7 M) on lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose content, and ethanol production. The research sought to enhance the efficiency of converting EFBOP waste into renewable energy, supporting environmental sustainability and energy security. Results revealed the optimal pretreatment condition with 0.6 M NaOH concentration and 500 W microwave power, achieving a lignin reduction from 40.73% to 29.48%. The final bioethanol yield reached 14%.
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