ISLAMIC EPISTEMOLOGY IN PERSPECTIVE OF MUHAMMAD ABID AL-JABIRI
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Abstract
The development of science or epistemology in the world has undergone a very rapid transformation, especially in the West. The main roots of this development are based on two important foundations, namely rationalism and empiricism. Rationalism emphasizes reason as the main source of knowledge, while empiricism emphasizes the importance of sensory experience. In contrast to the West, Islamic civilization, especially in the Arab world, has actually experienced a decline in the development of science. This stagnation is characterized by the tendency of Muslims to rely on the legacy of the past without any critical renewal and reinterpretation of religious texts or the legacy of classical thought. Al-Jabiri offers a new epistemological approach through a critical framework called the renewal of Arab-Islamic reason. He divides Islamic epistemology into three main structures, namely bayani (text-based), burhani (logic and rationality-based), and irfani (intuition-based). According to him, the dominance of bayani and irfani reason in the history of Islamic science has hampered the development of critical thinking. Therefore, he encourages the use of burhani reason as a means of rebuilding scientific civilization in Islam. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach, namely examining various works and thoughts of al-Jabiri through in-depth literature studies, then analyzing them in the context of the development of contemporary Islamic thought. The results of the study indicate that al-Jabiri's Islamic epistemology is a systematic effort to integrate traditional heritage with modern thinking methods. The three epistemological structures, if they run harmoniously, will make religious texts no longer exclusive, but open to humanitarian dialogue and justice. Thus, Islamic epistemology is not only about understanding texts, but also becomes a path towards the formation of a rational, just, and progressive civilization.
Keywords: Epistemology, M. Abid al-Jabiri, Islamic Thought, Bayani, Burhani, Irfani.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.
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