METODE BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM MENILAI TEORI EKONOMI MODERN DARI SUDUT PANDANG FILSAFAT ISLAM

Abstract

This study investigates the use of critical thinking in Islamic philosophy as a basis for assessing and evaluating contemporary economic theory. In the Islamic tradition, critical thinking focuses not only on logical reasoning but also encompasses spiritual reflection by combining reason and revelation as complementary sources of truth. Through this approach, Islamic economics is able to provide an in-depth critique of the basic assumptions of modern economics, such as the concept of homo economicus, the secularization of knowledge, and the materialistic orientation that positions humans as purely rational beings without considering moral, ethical, and transcendental dimensions. Furthermore, this study examines the epistemological foundations of Islamic economics, which are derived from revelation, reason, social reality, and the historical experience of the people, thus giving rise to a holistic and humanistic system of thought. Ethics, social justice, sustainability, and the value of welfare are at the core of Islamic economic practice, in contrast to conventional approaches that tend to emphasize efficiency and wealth accumulation. Based on an analysis of academic literature, this study confirms that Islamic economics not only functions as a critique of the global system but also offers a transformative alternative that is more just, balanced, and aligned with the goals of humanity and the needs of modern civilization.