A Critical Examination of Hadith Authenticity through the Theory of Projecting Back: An Analytical Study of Joseph Schacht’s Viewpoint

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Abstract

Abstract:
The study of the authenticity of hadith has attracted the interest of many Western scholars who want to participate in expressing their understanding of Islamic science. Joseph Schacht, one of the Western scholars who was skeptical, put forward his theory in the form of Projecting back. Joseph with his theory questions the authenticity of the hadith which is stated in Islam to have come from the Prophet SAW. This research aims to explain the criticism of the authenticity of Joseph's hadith through projecting back theory. It was found that two basic questions were asked, namely: first, what is Joseph Schacht's projecting back theory in criticizing the authenticity of hadith. Second, how does the projecting back theory work in the process of narrating hadith. The method used in this research is qualitative, library research with descriptive analysis in explaining the projecting back theory, both in-depth description and how the theory works. The literature used in this research is in the form of supporting books and relevant journals. The results of this research can be understood as this theory argues that hadiths were created by scholars of the second and third centuries of the Hijriah by linking them to the Prophet to gain strong legitimacy. The way Schacht's theory works in criticizing the authenticity of hadith, especially the sanad, is considered different from that of hadith scholars. As compared to the reverse scheme, projecting back whose main source comes from mukharrij and ends as a place of legitimacy, namely the Prophet SAW. So it can be concluded that the projecting back theory initiated by Joseph Schacht has methodological limitations and is not fully supported by factual historical evidence in his argument.
Keywords: Criticism, Authenticity of Hadith, Projecting Back
Abstrak:
Kajian tentang otentisitas hadis telah menarik minat banyak sarjana Barat yang ingin turut mengemukakan pemahamannya tentang sains Islam. Joseph Schacht, salah seorang sarjana Barat yang bersikap skeptis, mengemukakan teorinya berupa Projecting back. Joseph dengan teorinya mempertanyakan otentisitas hadis yang dinyatakan dalam Islam berasal dari Nabi SAW. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan kritik otentisitas hadis Joseph melalui teori projecting back. Ditemukan dua pertanyaan mendasar yang diajukan, yaitu: pertama, bagaimana teori projecting back milik Joseph Schacht dalam mengkritisi otentisitas hadis. Kedua, bagaimana cara kerja teori projecting back dalam proses periwayatan hadis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif, penelitian kepustakaan dengan analisis deskriptif dalam menjelaskan teori projecting back, baik deskripsi mendalam maupun cara kerja teori tersebut. Literatur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa buku-buku pendukung dan jurnal-jurnal yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dipahami karena teori ini berpendapat bahwa hadis-hadis diciptakan oleh para ulama abad kedua dan ketiga Hijriah dengan cara mengaitkannya dengan Nabi untuk memperoleh legitimasi yang kuat. Cara kerja teori Schacht dalam mengkritisi otentisitas hadis, khususnya sanadnya, dinilai berbeda dengan cara kerja para ulama hadis. Jika dibandingkan dengan skema sebaliknya, yaitu memproyeksikan kembali yang sumber utamanya berasal dari mukharrij dan berakhir sebagai tempat legitimasi, yaitu Nabi SAW. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa teori memproyeksikan kembali yang digagas oleh Joseph Schacht memiliki keterbatasan metodologis dan belum sepenuhnya didukung oleh bukti-bukti sejarah yang faktual dalam argumennya.
Kata Kunci: Kritik, Otentisitas Hadis, Projecting Back

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How to Cite
“A Critical Examination of Hadith Authenticity through the Theory of Projecting Back: An Analytical Study of Joseph Schacht’s Viewpoint”. el-Sunnah: Jurnal Kajian Hadis dan Integrasi Ilmu 6, no. 1 (June 16, 2025): 108–123. Accessed August 19, 2025. https://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/elsunnah/article/view/26269.
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How to Cite

“A Critical Examination of Hadith Authenticity through the Theory of Projecting Back: An Analytical Study of Joseph Schacht’s Viewpoint”. el-Sunnah: Jurnal Kajian Hadis dan Integrasi Ilmu 6, no. 1 (June 16, 2025): 108–123. Accessed August 19, 2025. https://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/elsunnah/article/view/26269.