Epistemology of Hadith in Ibn ʿArabī's Interpretation of QS. Ar-Raḥmān [55]: 19–20
Main Article Content
Abstract
The study of hadith epistemology in Sufi exegesis represents an important issue in Qur’anic studies. Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638 H), as a prominent Sufi-philosopher, offers an interpretive approach that integrates textual, metaphysical, and intuitive dimensions, yet is often considered subjective and controversial. Therefore, this study aims to examine the epistemology of hadith in Ibn ʿArabī’s isyārī exegesis and the critiques of scholars, particularly regarding his interpretation of QS al-Raḥmān [55]:19–20. This research employs a library study with descriptive-analytical and hermeneutic approaches. The analytical framework combines the theory of isyārī exegesis, Sufi epistemology which places kashf and dhawq as sources of knowledge, and the functional theory of hadith in exegesis, employing Hans-Georg Gadamer’s hermeneutic approach. Data were analyzed through intertextual study of the Qur’anic verse, hadith, and Ibn ʿArabī’s cosmology, as well as basic verification of sanad and matan of the hadith within the framework of taʾwīl. The results show that Ibn ʿArabī understands hadith not only as sources of outward law but also as sources of inner knowledge, revealing metaphysical realities through isyārī, symbolic, dzawqī, and kashfī approaches. Within this framework, hadith function ontologically as a metaphysical foundation for interpretation, epistemologically as a source of maʿrifat, and legitimizes the authority of Sufism in interpreting the Qur’an.
Article Details
Section
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Afabih, Abdillah, and Viki Junianto. “Examining Ibn Arabi’s Kashf Method on the Authenticity of Hadith.” Jurnal Studi Ilmu-Ilmu Al-Qur’an Dan Hadis 23, no. 1 (2022): 111–24. https://doi.org/10.14421/qh.2022.2301-06.
Al-Ajluni, Syeh Ismail bin Muhammad. “Kasyf Al Khafa Wa Muzil Al-Ilbas Amma Isytahara Min Al Ahadis Ala Al Alsinah.” In Beirut Dar Ihya At-Turats Al-Arabi, 132, n.d.
Al-Dzahaby, Mahammad Husein. “Al-Tafsir Wal-Mufassirun, Kairo: Maktabah Wahbah, Jil 1, Cet.” Ke-7, 2000.
al-Sakhawi, SADR. “Maqasid Al-Hasanah Fi Bayan Kathir Min Al-Ahadis Musytahirah ‘ala Al-Alsinah.” Edited by Muhammad ‘Utsman Al-Khasat. Beirut: Dar Al-Kitab Al-‘Arabi, 1985.
Arif, Syamsuddin. “Ibn €˜Arabi and The Ambiguous Verses of the Quran: Beyond The Letter and Pure Reason.” DINIKA : Academic Journal of Islamic Studies 4, no. 2 (2019): 225–48. https://doi.org/10.22515/dinika.v4i2.1711.
Cheifetz, Haruka. “Al-Shaʿrānī’s Theological Defence of Ibn ʿArabī in Context,” 2020. https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/35540/.
Chittick, William C. “The Sufi Path of Knowledge.” The Sufi Path of Knowledge, 2024. https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.18252566.
Chittick, William C. The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn Al-ʿArabi’s Metaphysics of Imagination. State University of New York Press, 2010.
Chodkiewicz, Michel. An Ocean Without Shore: Ibn Arabi, the Book, and the Law. State University of New York Press, 1993.
Dhahabī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Al-Tafsir Wa-Al-Mufassirun. Dār al-Kutub al-ḥadīthah, 1961.
Dickinson, Eerik. “Ibn Al-Ṣalāḥ Al-Shahrazūrī and the Isnād.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 2002, 481–505.
Gadamer, Hans-Georg. “Truth and Method, Transl. by Joel Weinsheimer/Donald G.” Marshall, New York 21993 (2004).
Haq, Sansan Ziaul. “Hermeneutika Sufistik: Telaah Epistemologi Takwil Ibn ‘Arabi.” Jurnal At-Tibyan: Jurnal Ilmu Alquran Dan Tafsir 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.32505/tibyan.v4i1.890.
Imam An-Nawawi. “Syarah Shahih Muslim Jilid 6,” 1996, 1–905.
Karamustafa, Ahmet T. Sufism: The Formative Period. Edinburgh University Press, 2007.
Karjoo-Ravary, Ali. “Mapping the Unseen: Ibn Al-’Arabī’s Maps in Chapter 371 of Al-Futūhāt Al-Makkiyya.” Journal of Sufi Studies 12, no. 1 (2023): 1–64. https://doi.org/10.1163/22105956-12341336.
Khalil, Atif. “Ibn ’Arabi on the Circle of Trusteeship and the Divine Name Al-Wakil.” Journal of Sufi Studies 12, no. 1 (2023): 65–82. https://doi.org/10.1163/22105956-bja10026.
Knysh, Alexander. Islamic Mysticism: A Short History. Vol. 1. Brill, 2010.
Moqbel, Tareq. “Poetry as Exegesis: St. Ephrem and Ibn ’Arabī on the Representation of Scriptural Exegesis in Poetry.” Journal of Sufi Studies 13, no. 1 (2024): 17–48. https://doi.org/10.1163/22105956-bja10034.
Mufid, F. “Kritik Epistimologis Tafsir Isyari Ibn Arabi.” Hermeneutik: Jurnal Ilmu Al Qur’an Dan Tafsir, 2020, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1234/hermeneutik.v14i1.6837.
Muhyidin Ibn Arabi. “Al-Futuhat Al-Makkiyah.” In Beirut: Dār Al-Kutub Al-ʿIlmiyyah, 99, 167–303, 2011.
Ramsbotham, Oliver. “Hans-Georg Gadamer’s Truth and Method Revisited: On the Very Idea of a Fusion of Horizons in Intense, Asymmetric and Intractable Conflicts.” Journal of Dialogue Studies 7, no. 2016 (2019): 73–92. https://doi.org/10.55207/vmpp5220.
Schimmel, A. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Verfassung in Recht Und Übersee. Vol. 11, 1978. https://doi.org/10.5771/0506-7286-1978-4-448.
Suyuti, A. “Al-Lu’ali Al-Masnu’ah Fi Al-Ahadith Al-Mawdu’ah.” Salah ibn Muhammad ibn Owaidah. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah.[In Arabic], 1996.
Wahyudi. “Ayat Al- Qur ’ An Wahyudi Institut Agama Islam Ma ’ Arif NU Metro Pendahuluan Al- Qur ‟ an Adalah Kitab Suci Yang Multiperspektif , Ia Dapat Didekati Dengan Berbagai Macam Pendekatan . Pendekatan Ini Akhirnya Memunculkan Ragam Corak Tafsir Al- Qur ‟ An ,.” Ilmu Ushuluddin 17, no. 2 (2018): 137–46. https://doi.org/10.18592/ilmu.
Yiangou, Nikos. “The Epistemology Of Heart-Mind In The Spiritual Teachings Of Muhyiddin Ibn ‘Arabi.” Kanz Philosophia : A Journal for Islamic Philosophy and Mysticism 2, no. 1 (2012): 123. https://doi.org/10.20871/kpjipm.v2i1.26