KELAKAR BETHOOK IN PALEMBANG MALAY LANGUAGE: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
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Abstract
This paper examines distinctive culturally-linguistic humour and directives in Palembang Malay language (hereafter referred as Palembangnese) in Indonesia. Two transcribed samples of Kelakar Bethook (KB) in Palembangnese humour were selected. The data analyses and discussion show the uniqueness of humour and directives in KB in Palembangnese. This present research contributes to the nature of linguistics in language documentation and extends the scope of speech act research in a non-western language. This study also contributes to enhancing the linguistic-cultural theory in Eastern language and culture. This research thereby contributes to distinguishing one facet of language Malay civilization by exploring distinctive cultural-linguistic practices and promoting a wider awareness of Palembangnese culture and humour.
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1.
KELAKAR BETHOOK IN PALEMBANG MALAY LANGUAGE: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS. JMIS [Internet]. 2019 Nov. 28 [cited 2025 Apr. 3];3(1):1-16. Available from: https://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/jmis/article/view/4569
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Journal of Malay Islamic Studies by http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/jmis is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
KELAKAR BETHOOK IN PALEMBANG MALAY LANGUAGE: A LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS. JMIS [Internet]. 2019 Nov. 28 [cited 2025 Apr. 3];3(1):1-16. Available from: https://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/jmis/article/view/4569
References
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Amalia, D., & Ramlan, M. (2002). Bentuk dan pemakaian" Baso Palembang Alus" di kota Palembang (Form and The Use of Baso Palembang Alus inPalembang city). [Yogyakarta]: Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Aslan, E. (2017). The impact of face systems on the pragmalinguistic features of academic e-mail requests. Pragmatics and Society, 8(1), 61-84.
Atawneh, A. M. A.-H. (1991). Politeness Theory and the Directive Speech Act in Arabic-English Bilinguals: An Empirical Study. (Doctoral), State University of New York at Stony Brook,
Attardo, S. (2001). Humorous Texts : A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis: Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter, 2001.
Belanger, J. (2017). Speaking Truth to Power: Stand-Up Comedians as Sophists, Jesters, Public Intellectuals and Activists. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
Blum-Kulka, S., & House, J. (1989). Cross-cultural and situational variation in requestive behavior in five languages. Cross-cultural pragmatics, 123-154.
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In Questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction (pp. 56-311): Cambridge University Press.
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness : some universals in language usage: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chovanec, J., & Ermida, I. (2012). Language and humour in the media. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Newcastle upon Tyne, UK : Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Coates, J. (2007). Talk in a play frame: More on laughter and intimacy. Journal of Pragmatics, 39(1), 29-49.
Dong, X. (2009). Requests in academic settings in English, Russian and Chinese. (Doctoral), The Ohio State University,
Dungcik, M. (2017). Kewujudan Bahasa Melayu Palembang Ditinjau Berdasarkan Segitiga Semiotik Ogden dan Richards (Kajian Semantik Terhadap Kosa Kata dalam Kamus Baso Palembang) (The Existence of Palembang Malay Language reviewed based on Semiotic Triangles of Ogden and Richards (A Semantic Study of Vocabulary in Baso Palembang Dictionary). (Doctoral PhD), University Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam.
Dyck, K. T., & Holtzman, S. (2013). Understanding humor styles and well-being: The importance of social relationships and gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(1), 53-58.
Eslamirasekh, Z. (1993). A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Requestive Speech Act Realization Patterns in Persian and American English. Pragmatics and Language Learning, 4(1993), 85-103.
Greenbaum, A. (1997). Women's comic voices: the art and craft of female humor. American Studies, 38(1), 117.
Gu, Y. (1990). Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. Journal of Pragmatics, 14(2), 237-257.
Hassall, T. (2003). Requests by Australian learners of Indonesian. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(12), 1903-1928.
Hay, J. (2001). The pragmatics of humor support. In (pp. 55-82): Walter de Gruyter.
Hight, C. (2010). Television mockumentary: Reflexivity, satire and a call to play: Manchester University Press Manchester/New York.
Hofmann, P. J. (2003). Language politeness: Directive speech acts in Brazilian Portuguese, Costa Rican Spanish and Canadian English.
Ide, S. (2002). The speaker’s viewpoint and indexicality in a high context culture. Bunka, Intaakushon, Gengo [Culture, Interaction, and Language]. Hituzi Syobo: Tokyo, Japan, pp3-20.
Jalilifar, A. (2009). Request strategies: Cross-sectional study of Iranian EFL learners and Australian native speakers. English Language Teaching, 2(1), 46.
Kohlmann, S. (2014). "So, are we good?" The emerging sensitive new man movement in the boys' club of stand-up comedy. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
Kong, K. C. (1998). Politeness of service encounters in Hong Kong. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA), 8(4), 555-575.
Kurnia, A. D., & Prandansari, N. A. (2018). Ya Saman, Lagu Legendaris dari Palembang. Retrieved from https://gelorasriwijaya.co/blog/ya-saman-lagu-legendaris-dari-palembang-fghj/
Malmqvist, K. (2015). Satire, racist humour and the power of (un) laughter: On the restrained nature of Swedish online racist discourse targeting EU-migrants begging for money. Discourse & Society, 26(6), 733-753.
Manaf, N. A. (2005). Realisasi strategi kesantunan direktif di dalam bahasa Indonesia di kalangan anggota kelompok etnis Minangkabau di Padang (Realization of Politeness Strategies on the Directives in the Indonesian Language produced by members of Minangkabau ethnic group in Padang). (Doctoral), Universitas Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya,
Márquez Reiter, R., Ganchenko, K., & Charalambidou, A. (2016). Requests and counters in Russian traffic police officer-citizen encounters. Pragmatics and Society, 7(4), 512-539.
Marzouki, M. E. (2015). Satire as counter-discourse: Dissent, cultural citizenship, and youth culture in Morocco. International Communication Gazette, 77(3), 282-296. doi:10.1177/1748048514568762
Maslo, A. (2016). Using counterfactuals to display facts – the case of satirical humor. ExELL (Explorations in English Language and Linguistics), 4(2), 116-126. doi:10.1515/exell-2017-0010
Matsumoto, Y. (1988). Reexamination of the universality of face: Politeness phenomena in Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics, 12(4), 403-426. doi:10.1016/0378-2166(88)90003-3
Mauri, C., & Sansò, A. (2011). How directive constructions emerge: Grammaticalization, constructionalization, cooptation. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(14), 3489-3521. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2011.08.001
Muhidin, R. (2018). Leksikon Kekerabatan Etnik Melayu Palembang (Kinship Lexicons of Palembang Malay Ethnics Group). Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 6(1), 84-99.
Oktovianny, L. (Ed.) (2004) Naskah Kamus Palembang. Palembang: Balai Bahasa Palembang.
Partington, A. (2006). The linguistics of laughter: A corpus-assisted study of laughter-talk: Routledge.
Partington, A. (2008). Teasing at the White House: A corpus-assisted study of face work in performing and responding to teases. Text & Talk-An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse Communication Studies, 28(6), 771-792.
Purnama, H. L. (2008). Makian dalam Bahasa Melayu Palembang: studi tentang bentuk, referen, dan konteks sosiokulturalnya (Cursing in Palembang Malay: a study of form, referent, and its sociocultural context). Sanata Dharma University,
Ross, A. (1998). The language of humour. London New York: London New York : Routledge.
Rutter, J. (1997). Stand-up as interaction: performance and audience in comedy venues (BL). In: ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
Rutter, J. (2000). The stand-up introduction sequence: Comparing comedy compères. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(4), 463-483. doi:10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00059-4
Rutter, J. (2001). Rhetoric in stand-up comedy: Exploring performer-audience interaction. Stylistyka X, 307-325.
Schechner, R. (2017). Performance studies: An introduction: Routledge.
Searle, J. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language (Vol. 626). London: Cambridge university press.
Searle, J. (1976). A classification of illocutionary acts. Language in Society, 5(01), 1-23.
Simpson, P. (2003). On the Discourse of Satire: Towards a stylistic model of Satirical Humour.
Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance : communication and cognition (2nd ed.): Cambridge, MA : Blackwell Publishers.
Trosborg, A. (1995). Interlanguage pragmatics : requests, complaints, and apologies: Berlin New York : Mouton de Gruyter.
Tsakona, V. (2017). Genres of Humor. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
Tsui, A. B. (1994). English conversation: Bright Publications.
Wallis, A. (2016). Satire as public discourse in religion. In R. C. Neville, C. H. Evans, D. Jacobsen, A. Speight, & N. Wariboko (Eds.): ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
Wehr, H. (1979). A dictionary of modern written Arabic: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
Wierzbicka, A. (1985). Different cultures, different languages, different speech acts: Polish vs. English. Journal of Pragmatics, 9(2), 145-178. doi:10.1016/0378-2166(85)90023-2
Wood, J. R. (2013). Jack Ketch in John Dryden's a Discourse Concerning Satire. The Explicator, 71(1), 60-64. doi:10.1080/00144940.2012.760510
Young Lee, D., & Ogi, N. (2017). Directive strategies in Modern Korean and Japanese with special reference to commands and requests. In D. Van Olmen & S. Heinold (Eds.), Imperatives and directive strategies (pp. 248-271): John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Amalia, D., & Ramlan, M. (2002). Bentuk dan pemakaian" Baso Palembang Alus" di kota Palembang (Form and The Use of Baso Palembang Alus inPalembang city). [Yogyakarta]: Universitas Gadjah Mada,
Aslan, E. (2017). The impact of face systems on the pragmalinguistic features of academic e-mail requests. Pragmatics and Society, 8(1), 61-84.
Atawneh, A. M. A.-H. (1991). Politeness Theory and the Directive Speech Act in Arabic-English Bilinguals: An Empirical Study. (Doctoral), State University of New York at Stony Brook,
Attardo, S. (2001). Humorous Texts : A Semantic and Pragmatic Analysis: Berlin/Boston : De Gruyter, 2001.
Belanger, J. (2017). Speaking Truth to Power: Stand-Up Comedians as Sophists, Jesters, Public Intellectuals and Activists. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
Blum-Kulka, S., & House, J. (1989). Cross-cultural and situational variation in requestive behavior in five languages. Cross-cultural pragmatics, 123-154.
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1978). Universals in language usage: Politeness phenomena. In Questions and politeness: Strategies in social interaction (pp. 56-311): Cambridge University Press.
Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness : some universals in language usage: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Chovanec, J., & Ermida, I. (2012). Language and humour in the media. Newcastle upon Tyne, UK: Newcastle upon Tyne, UK : Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Coates, J. (2007). Talk in a play frame: More on laughter and intimacy. Journal of Pragmatics, 39(1), 29-49.
Dong, X. (2009). Requests in academic settings in English, Russian and Chinese. (Doctoral), The Ohio State University,
Dungcik, M. (2017). Kewujudan Bahasa Melayu Palembang Ditinjau Berdasarkan Segitiga Semiotik Ogden dan Richards (Kajian Semantik Terhadap Kosa Kata dalam Kamus Baso Palembang) (The Existence of Palembang Malay Language reviewed based on Semiotic Triangles of Ogden and Richards (A Semantic Study of Vocabulary in Baso Palembang Dictionary). (Doctoral PhD), University Brunei Darussalam, Brunei Darussalam.
Dyck, K. T., & Holtzman, S. (2013). Understanding humor styles and well-being: The importance of social relationships and gender. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(1), 53-58.
Eslamirasekh, Z. (1993). A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Requestive Speech Act Realization Patterns in Persian and American English. Pragmatics and Language Learning, 4(1993), 85-103.
Greenbaum, A. (1997). Women's comic voices: the art and craft of female humor. American Studies, 38(1), 117.
Gu, Y. (1990). Politeness phenomena in modern Chinese. Journal of Pragmatics, 14(2), 237-257.
Hassall, T. (2003). Requests by Australian learners of Indonesian. Journal of Pragmatics, 35(12), 1903-1928.
Hay, J. (2001). The pragmatics of humor support. In (pp. 55-82): Walter de Gruyter.
Hight, C. (2010). Television mockumentary: Reflexivity, satire and a call to play: Manchester University Press Manchester/New York.
Hofmann, P. J. (2003). Language politeness: Directive speech acts in Brazilian Portuguese, Costa Rican Spanish and Canadian English.
Ide, S. (2002). The speaker’s viewpoint and indexicality in a high context culture. Bunka, Intaakushon, Gengo [Culture, Interaction, and Language]. Hituzi Syobo: Tokyo, Japan, pp3-20.
Jalilifar, A. (2009). Request strategies: Cross-sectional study of Iranian EFL learners and Australian native speakers. English Language Teaching, 2(1), 46.
Kohlmann, S. (2014). "So, are we good?" The emerging sensitive new man movement in the boys' club of stand-up comedy. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing,
Kong, K. C. (1998). Politeness of service encounters in Hong Kong. Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA), 8(4), 555-575.
Kurnia, A. D., & Prandansari, N. A. (2018). Ya Saman, Lagu Legendaris dari Palembang. Retrieved from https://gelorasriwijaya.co/blog/ya-saman-lagu-legendaris-dari-palembang-fghj/
Malmqvist, K. (2015). Satire, racist humour and the power of (un) laughter: On the restrained nature of Swedish online racist discourse targeting EU-migrants begging for money. Discourse & Society, 26(6), 733-753.
Manaf, N. A. (2005). Realisasi strategi kesantunan direktif di dalam bahasa Indonesia di kalangan anggota kelompok etnis Minangkabau di Padang (Realization of Politeness Strategies on the Directives in the Indonesian Language produced by members of Minangkabau ethnic group in Padang). (Doctoral), Universitas Indonesia, Fakultas Ilmu Budaya,
Márquez Reiter, R., Ganchenko, K., & Charalambidou, A. (2016). Requests and counters in Russian traffic police officer-citizen encounters. Pragmatics and Society, 7(4), 512-539.
Marzouki, M. E. (2015). Satire as counter-discourse: Dissent, cultural citizenship, and youth culture in Morocco. International Communication Gazette, 77(3), 282-296. doi:10.1177/1748048514568762
Maslo, A. (2016). Using counterfactuals to display facts – the case of satirical humor. ExELL (Explorations in English Language and Linguistics), 4(2), 116-126. doi:10.1515/exell-2017-0010
Matsumoto, Y. (1988). Reexamination of the universality of face: Politeness phenomena in Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics, 12(4), 403-426. doi:10.1016/0378-2166(88)90003-3
Mauri, C., & Sansò, A. (2011). How directive constructions emerge: Grammaticalization, constructionalization, cooptation. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(14), 3489-3521. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2011.08.001
Muhidin, R. (2018). Leksikon Kekerabatan Etnik Melayu Palembang (Kinship Lexicons of Palembang Malay Ethnics Group). Ranah: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, 6(1), 84-99.
Oktovianny, L. (Ed.) (2004) Naskah Kamus Palembang. Palembang: Balai Bahasa Palembang.
Partington, A. (2006). The linguistics of laughter: A corpus-assisted study of laughter-talk: Routledge.
Partington, A. (2008). Teasing at the White House: A corpus-assisted study of face work in performing and responding to teases. Text & Talk-An Interdisciplinary Journal of Language, Discourse Communication Studies, 28(6), 771-792.
Purnama, H. L. (2008). Makian dalam Bahasa Melayu Palembang: studi tentang bentuk, referen, dan konteks sosiokulturalnya (Cursing in Palembang Malay: a study of form, referent, and its sociocultural context). Sanata Dharma University,
Ross, A. (1998). The language of humour. London New York: London New York : Routledge.
Rutter, J. (1997). Stand-up as interaction: performance and audience in comedy venues (BL). In: ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
Rutter, J. (2000). The stand-up introduction sequence: Comparing comedy compères. Journal of Pragmatics, 32(4), 463-483. doi:10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00059-4
Rutter, J. (2001). Rhetoric in stand-up comedy: Exploring performer-audience interaction. Stylistyka X, 307-325.
Schechner, R. (2017). Performance studies: An introduction: Routledge.
Searle, J. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language (Vol. 626). London: Cambridge university press.
Searle, J. (1976). A classification of illocutionary acts. Language in Society, 5(01), 1-23.
Simpson, P. (2003). On the Discourse of Satire: Towards a stylistic model of Satirical Humour.
Sperber, D., & Wilson, D. (1995). Relevance : communication and cognition (2nd ed.): Cambridge, MA : Blackwell Publishers.
Trosborg, A. (1995). Interlanguage pragmatics : requests, complaints, and apologies: Berlin New York : Mouton de Gruyter.
Tsakona, V. (2017). Genres of Humor. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis.
Tsui, A. B. (1994). English conversation: Bright Publications.
Wallis, A. (2016). Satire as public discourse in religion. In R. C. Neville, C. H. Evans, D. Jacobsen, A. Speight, & N. Wariboko (Eds.): ProQuest Dissertations Publishing.
Wehr, H. (1979). A dictionary of modern written Arabic: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
Wierzbicka, A. (1985). Different cultures, different languages, different speech acts: Polish vs. English. Journal of Pragmatics, 9(2), 145-178. doi:10.1016/0378-2166(85)90023-2
Wood, J. R. (2013). Jack Ketch in John Dryden's a Discourse Concerning Satire. The Explicator, 71(1), 60-64. doi:10.1080/00144940.2012.760510
Young Lee, D., & Ogi, N. (2017). Directive strategies in Modern Korean and Japanese with special reference to commands and requests. In D. Van Olmen & S. Heinold (Eds.), Imperatives and directive strategies (pp. 248-271): John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford: Oxford : Oxford University Press.