Repositioning Actor Network Theory in Digital Communication Studies: A Conceptual Explication through Digital Activism
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Abstract
Perkembangan teknologi komunikasi digital telah mengubah cara individu dan kelompok melakukan aktivisme melalui berbagai platform media sosial. Namun, sebagian besar kajian aktivisme digital masih didominasi oleh perspektif yang berpusat pada manusia sehingga peran teknologi sering diposisikan sebagai medium pasif. Artikel ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mereposisikan Actor Network Theory (ANT) dalam kajian komunikasi digital dengan menelaah relevansinya untuk memahami aktivisme digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan eksplikasi konseptual melalui analisis terhadap konsep-konsep utama ANT, seperti aktor, jaringan, dan translasi, serta keterkaitannya dengan praktik aktivisme digital. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa aktivisme digital tidak hanya dibentuk oleh aktor manusia, seperti aktivis dan audiens, tetapi juga oleh aktor nonmanusia, seperti platform media sosial, algoritma, hashtag, dan perangkat digital yang turut memengaruhi proses mobilisasi, penyebaran informasi, dan partisipasi publik. Artikel ini berkontribusi dalam memperkuat posisi ANT sebagai kerangka analitis yang relevan untuk menjelaskan distribusi agensi dalam praktik komunikasi digital kontemporer.
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