THE SPIRITUAL LEVEL OF THE COMMUNITY OF EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA, DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
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Published:
Dec 27, 2022
Keywords:
Spirituality, Indonesian Society, Covid-19
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Abstract
In several countries, including Indonesia, and East Kalimantan, people are not prepared to deal with Covid-19, so they are afraid of getting infected with Covid-19. East Kalimantan ranks 7th in Indonesia and has the highest Covid-19 infection rate outside of the island of Java. The high number of Covid-19 infections naturally affects the psyche of people in East Kalimantan. Hence, people in East Kalimantan need to improve their spirituality, so they do not have to worry. This study aimed to assess the level of community spirituality during the Covid-19 infection. The method used in this study is quantitative analysis with description using SPSS 25.0 software (n = 538, age = 18-60 years) by online questionnaire. The results of the study showed that the level of spirituality of people in East Kalimantan was low for both men and women. This caused disruption to social interaction, anxiety, and stress. However, the people of East Kalimantan have embraced and accepted the situation and hope that the government can defeat the Covid-19 pandemic.
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THE SPIRITUAL LEVEL OF THE COMMUNITY OF EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA, DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. (2022). Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 8(2), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i2.6389
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Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami by http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/psikis is licensed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.
How to Cite
THE SPIRITUAL LEVEL OF THE COMMUNITY OF EAST KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA, DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. (2022). Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 8(2), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i2.6389
References
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Alfarabi, A., Saraswati, P., & Dayakisni, T. (2018). Religiusitas dengan flow akademik pada siswa. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 3(2), 145-154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v3i2.1759
Attneave, F., & Arnoult, M. D. (1956). The quantitative study of shape and pattern perception. Psychological Bulletin, 53, 452-471. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044049
Azwar, S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Psikometri. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Bosco-Ruggiero, S. A. (2018). The relationship between Americans’ spiritual/religious beliefs and behaviors and mental health: New evidence from the 2016 General Social Survey. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2018.1515052
Choi, S. A., & Hastings, J. F. (2019). Religion, spirituality, coping, and resilience among African Americans with diabetes. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 38(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2018.1524735
Counsell, A., & Harlow, L. L. (2017). Reporting practices and use of quantitative methods in Canadian journal articles in psychology. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne, 58(2), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000074
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research Design.: Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed Methods Approaches. University Of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Dharma, K. K., Parellangi, A., & Rahayu, H. (2020). Religious Spiritual and Psycososial Coping Training (RS-PCT) Meningkatkan Penerimaan Diri dan Efikasi Diri pada Pasien Paska Stroke. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 3(2), 520-533. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v3i2.1147
Ellison, C. W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11(4), 330–338.
Fauziyah, N. R., Fikri, M. Z., & Puspasari, M. (2019). Hubungan Antara Religiusitas Dan Kecemasan Akan Kematian Pada Penderita Terminal Illness [PhD Thesis]. Sriwijaya University.
Fitriani, A. (2018). Cognitive Behavior Religious Therapy untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Episode Depresi pada Pasien Depresi dengan Gejala Psikotik. Proyeksi: Jurnal Psikologi, 12(1), 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jp.12.1.77-87
Hamka, H., & Astuti, T. (2019). Perspektif Kebahagiaan Masyarakat yang Tinggal Dekat Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Di Samarinda. Psycho Idea, 17(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.30595/psychoidea.v17i1.3425
Hamka, Ni’matuzahroh, & Mein-Woei, S. (2020). Spiritual Well-Being and Mental Health of Students in Indonesia. 5th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2019), 149–152. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200120.032
Hamka, H., Ni'matuzahroh, N., Astuti, T., Suen, M.-W. and Shieh, F.-A. (2020), "Psychological well-being of people living near landfills: preliminary case study in Indonesia", International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2019-0076
Hamka, Suen, M. W., Ramadhan, Y. A., Yusuf, M., & Wang, J. H. (2022). Spiritual Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Indonesian Muslim Communities During COVID-19. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 15, 3013-3025. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.S381926
Hancock, G. R., Mueller, R. O., & Stapleton, L. M. (2018). The Reviewer's Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences. Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203861554
Harjana, N. P. A., Januraga, P. P., Indrayathi, P. A., Gesesew, H. A., & Ward, P. R. (2021, 2021-May-05). Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Repatriated Indonesian Migrant Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Original Research]. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.630295
Imaduddin, A. (2017). Spiritualitas dalam konteks konseling. Journal of Innovative Counseling: Theory, Practice, and Research, 1(01), 1–8.
Itsna, I. N. (2016). Kesejahteraan spiritual dan tingkat kecemasan pada wanita dengan mioma uteri dan kista ovarium. Bhamada: Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kesehatan (E-Journal), 7(2), 7–7.
Kazemi, A. (2017). Conceptualizing and measuring occupational social well-being: A validation study. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2015-0889
Khaer, M., Mansyur, A., Yasser , Ridfah, A., & Ridha, A. A. (2021). The Effectiveness Of Writing The Letter Of Gratitude Technique In Reducing The Stress Level Of Islamic Boarding School Student. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami 7(1), 79-85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v7i1.4612
Lestari, S. (2017). Efektivitas Pelatihan Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (Seft) Terhadap Penurunan Depresi Siswa Tunadaksa Bbrsbd Prof. Dr. Soeharso Surakarta [PhD Thesis]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Lestari, Y. D. D., Hastuti, Y. D., Handayani, F., & Utami, R. S. (2019). Hubungan Tingkat Spiritualitas dengan Koping Stres Pasien Stroke di Wilayah Kedung Mundu Semarang [PhD Thesis]. Faculty of Medicine.
Litonjua, M. D. (2016). spiritual, but not religious: untangling a seeming paradox. International Review of Modern Sociology, 42(1), 21–55. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44510075
Martin, I., Nuryoto, S., & Urbayatun, S. (2018). Relaksasi dzikir untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan subjektif remaja santri. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 4(2), 112 -123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v4i2.1965
Maslahat, M., & Laila, V. (2022). Dhikr therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders in adolescents. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami,, 8(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i1.9967
Mastrocinque, J. M., Hartwell, T., Metzger, J. W., Carapella-Johnson, R., Navratil, P. K., & Cerulli, C. (2020). Spirituality and Religion After Homicide and Suicide: Families and Friends Tell Their Stories. Homicide Studies, 24(2), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767918807263
Maulana, M. I. (2018). Spiritualitas dan Gender: Sufi-sufi Perempuan. Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses, 1(2), 359–377. https://doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v1i2.1734
Mirwanti, R., & Nuraeni, A. (2016). Hubungan Kesejahteraan Spiritual dengan Depresi pada Pasien dengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). MEDISAINS, 14(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/medisains.v14i1.1044
Nugrahati, D., Uyun, Q., & Nugraha, S. P. (2018). Pengaruh Terapi Taubat dan Istighfar Dalam Menurunkan Kecemasan Mahasiswa. JIP (Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi), 10(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.20885/intervensipsikologi.vol10.iss1.art3
Peters, G. J. Y., Dima, A., Plass, A. M., Crutzen, R., Gibbons, C., & Doyle, F. (2016). Measurement in health psychology: Combining theory, qualitative, and quantitative methods to do it right. Eur Heal Psychol, 18(Supp), 416.
Purnomo, H., & Mansir, F. (2020). Spirituality: The Core Of Attitude With Social Awareness. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 6 (2), 130-138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v6i2.4716
Rena, S. (2019). Mekanisme Respon Stres : Konseptualisasi Integrasi Islam dan Barat Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami 5(1), 48-61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/Psikis.v5i1.3116
Ro, Y. (2018). Spirituality, Spontaneity, and Moral Charisma in Korean Confucianism. Journal of Korean Religions, 9(2), 55–82. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/26597914
Rukajat, A. (2018). Pendekatan Penelitian Kuantitatif: Quantitative Research Approach. Deepublish.
Sidel, J. L., Bleibaum, R. N., & Tao, K. C. (2018). Quantitative descriptive analysis. Descriptive Analysis in Sensory Evaluation, 287.
Suciani, T., & Nuraini, T. (2017). Kemampuan Spiritualitas dan Tingkat Stres Pasien Diabetes Mellitus di Rumah Perawatan: Studi Pendahuluan. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 20(2), 102–109. 10.7454/jki.v20i2.360
Suparman, S. (2019). Hubungan Self-Esteem terhadap Level Kecemasan pada Mahasiswa Pogram Studi Pendidikan Agama Kristen [The Connection Between Self-esteem and the Anxiety Level in Christian Religious Studies Students]. Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education, 1(1), 85–97.
Supradewi, R. (2020). Koping Religius dan Stres pada Guru Sekolah Islam. Psisula: Prosiding Berkala Psikologi, 1.
Szkody, E., & Mckinney, C. (2019). Social Support Versus Emotion Regulation: Mediators of Attachment and Psychological Problems After Social Exclusion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 38(10), 882–905. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.10.882
Taheri-Kharameh, Z., Abdi, M., Omidi Koopaei, R., Alizadeh, M., Vahidabi, V., & Mirhoseini, H. (2016). The relationship between religious-spiritual well-being and stress, anxiety, and depression in university students. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics, 3(1), 30–35.
Ukhtia, F., Reza, I., & Zaharuddin, Z. (2017). hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kecemasan akademik pada siswa madrasah aliyah negeri. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 2(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v2i2.1186
Unaradjan, D. D. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Penerbit Unika Atma Jaya Jakarta.
Whitehead, R., Bates, G., Elphinstone, B. et al. Nonattachment Mediates the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Well-Being, Subjective Well-Being, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress. J Happiness Stud 20, 2141–2158 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0041-9
Widiastuti, M., & Yuniarti, K. W. (2017). Penerimaan diri sebagai mediator hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kecemasan pada penyandang diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 22(1), 1–13.
Yusuf, A. M. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif & penelitian gabungan. Prenada Media.
Yusup, F. (2018). Uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen penelitian kuantitatif. Tarbiyah: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 7(1). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/tarbiyah.v7i1.2100
Zook, K. L., & Pearce, J. H. (2018). Quantitative descriptive analysis. In Applied Sensory Analy of Foods (pp. 43–71). Routledge.
Alfarabi, A., Saraswati, P., & Dayakisni, T. (2018). Religiusitas dengan flow akademik pada siswa. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 3(2), 145-154. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v3i2.1759
Attneave, F., & Arnoult, M. D. (1956). The quantitative study of shape and pattern perception. Psychological Bulletin, 53, 452-471. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0044049
Azwar, S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Psikometri. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Bosco-Ruggiero, S. A. (2018). The relationship between Americans’ spiritual/religious beliefs and behaviors and mental health: New evidence from the 2016 General Social Survey. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 0(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2018.1515052
Choi, S. A., & Hastings, J. F. (2019). Religion, spirituality, coping, and resilience among African Americans with diabetes. Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Social Work: Social Thought, 38(1), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/15426432.2018.1524735
Counsell, A., & Harlow, L. L. (2017). Reporting practices and use of quantitative methods in Canadian journal articles in psychology. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne, 58(2), 140–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000074
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research Design.: Qualitative, Quantitative, Mixed Methods Approaches. University Of Nebraska-Lincoln.
Dharma, K. K., Parellangi, A., & Rahayu, H. (2020). Religious Spiritual and Psycososial Coping Training (RS-PCT) Meningkatkan Penerimaan Diri dan Efikasi Diri pada Pasien Paska Stroke. Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari, 3(2), 520-533. https://doi.org/10.31539/jks.v3i2.1147
Ellison, C. W. (1983). Spiritual well-being: Conceptualization and measurement. Journal of Psychology and Theology, 11(4), 330–338.
Fauziyah, N. R., Fikri, M. Z., & Puspasari, M. (2019). Hubungan Antara Religiusitas Dan Kecemasan Akan Kematian Pada Penderita Terminal Illness [PhD Thesis]. Sriwijaya University.
Fitriani, A. (2018). Cognitive Behavior Religious Therapy untuk Menurunkan Tingkat Episode Depresi pada Pasien Depresi dengan Gejala Psikotik. Proyeksi: Jurnal Psikologi, 12(1), 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jp.12.1.77-87
Hamka, H., & Astuti, T. (2019). Perspektif Kebahagiaan Masyarakat yang Tinggal Dekat Tempat Pembuangan Akhir Sampah Di Samarinda. Psycho Idea, 17(1), 87–97. https://doi.org/10.30595/psychoidea.v17i1.3425
Hamka, Ni’matuzahroh, & Mein-Woei, S. (2020). Spiritual Well-Being and Mental Health of Students in Indonesia. 5th ASEAN Conference on Psychology, Counselling, and Humanities (ACPCH 2019), 149–152. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200120.032
Hamka, H., Ni'matuzahroh, N., Astuti, T., Suen, M.-W. and Shieh, F.-A. (2020), "Psychological well-being of people living near landfills: preliminary case study in Indonesia", International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 365-379. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJHRH-09-2019-0076
Hamka, Suen, M. W., Ramadhan, Y. A., Yusuf, M., & Wang, J. H. (2022). Spiritual Well-Being, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Indonesian Muslim Communities During COVID-19. Psychol Res Behav Manag, 15, 3013-3025. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.S381926
Hancock, G. R., Mueller, R. O., & Stapleton, L. M. (2018). The Reviewer's Guide to Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences. Routledge. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203861554
Harjana, N. P. A., Januraga, P. P., Indrayathi, P. A., Gesesew, H. A., & Ward, P. R. (2021, 2021-May-05). Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Repatriated Indonesian Migrant Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic [Original Research]. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.630295
Imaduddin, A. (2017). Spiritualitas dalam konteks konseling. Journal of Innovative Counseling: Theory, Practice, and Research, 1(01), 1–8.
Itsna, I. N. (2016). Kesejahteraan spiritual dan tingkat kecemasan pada wanita dengan mioma uteri dan kista ovarium. Bhamada: Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kesehatan (E-Journal), 7(2), 7–7.
Kazemi, A. (2017). Conceptualizing and measuring occupational social well-being: A validation study. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 25(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-07-2015-0889
Khaer, M., Mansyur, A., Yasser , Ridfah, A., & Ridha, A. A. (2021). The Effectiveness Of Writing The Letter Of Gratitude Technique In Reducing The Stress Level Of Islamic Boarding School Student. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami 7(1), 79-85. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v7i1.4612
Lestari, S. (2017). Efektivitas Pelatihan Spiritual Emotional Freedom Technique (Seft) Terhadap Penurunan Depresi Siswa Tunadaksa Bbrsbd Prof. Dr. Soeharso Surakarta [PhD Thesis]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Lestari, Y. D. D., Hastuti, Y. D., Handayani, F., & Utami, R. S. (2019). Hubungan Tingkat Spiritualitas dengan Koping Stres Pasien Stroke di Wilayah Kedung Mundu Semarang [PhD Thesis]. Faculty of Medicine.
Litonjua, M. D. (2016). spiritual, but not religious: untangling a seeming paradox. International Review of Modern Sociology, 42(1), 21–55. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44510075
Martin, I., Nuryoto, S., & Urbayatun, S. (2018). Relaksasi dzikir untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan subjektif remaja santri. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 4(2), 112 -123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v4i2.1965
Maslahat, M., & Laila, V. (2022). Dhikr therapy in the treatment of anxiety disorders in adolescents. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami,, 8(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i1.9967
Mastrocinque, J. M., Hartwell, T., Metzger, J. W., Carapella-Johnson, R., Navratil, P. K., & Cerulli, C. (2020). Spirituality and Religion After Homicide and Suicide: Families and Friends Tell Their Stories. Homicide Studies, 24(2), 107–126. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767918807263
Maulana, M. I. (2018). Spiritualitas dan Gender: Sufi-sufi Perempuan. Living Islam: Journal of Islamic Discourses, 1(2), 359–377. https://doi.org/10.14421/lijid.v1i2.1734
Mirwanti, R., & Nuraeni, A. (2016). Hubungan Kesejahteraan Spiritual dengan Depresi pada Pasien dengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). MEDISAINS, 14(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/medisains.v14i1.1044
Nugrahati, D., Uyun, Q., & Nugraha, S. P. (2018). Pengaruh Terapi Taubat dan Istighfar Dalam Menurunkan Kecemasan Mahasiswa. JIP (Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi), 10(1), 33–41. https://doi.org/10.20885/intervensipsikologi.vol10.iss1.art3
Peters, G. J. Y., Dima, A., Plass, A. M., Crutzen, R., Gibbons, C., & Doyle, F. (2016). Measurement in health psychology: Combining theory, qualitative, and quantitative methods to do it right. Eur Heal Psychol, 18(Supp), 416.
Purnomo, H., & Mansir, F. (2020). Spirituality: The Core Of Attitude With Social Awareness. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 6 (2), 130-138. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v6i2.4716
Rena, S. (2019). Mekanisme Respon Stres : Konseptualisasi Integrasi Islam dan Barat Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami 5(1), 48-61. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/Psikis.v5i1.3116
Ro, Y. (2018). Spirituality, Spontaneity, and Moral Charisma in Korean Confucianism. Journal of Korean Religions, 9(2), 55–82. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/26597914
Rukajat, A. (2018). Pendekatan Penelitian Kuantitatif: Quantitative Research Approach. Deepublish.
Sidel, J. L., Bleibaum, R. N., & Tao, K. C. (2018). Quantitative descriptive analysis. Descriptive Analysis in Sensory Evaluation, 287.
Suciani, T., & Nuraini, T. (2017). Kemampuan Spiritualitas dan Tingkat Stres Pasien Diabetes Mellitus di Rumah Perawatan: Studi Pendahuluan. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 20(2), 102–109. 10.7454/jki.v20i2.360
Suparman, S. (2019). Hubungan Self-Esteem terhadap Level Kecemasan pada Mahasiswa Pogram Studi Pendidikan Agama Kristen [The Connection Between Self-esteem and the Anxiety Level in Christian Religious Studies Students]. Diligentia: Journal of Theology and Christian Education, 1(1), 85–97.
Supradewi, R. (2020). Koping Religius dan Stres pada Guru Sekolah Islam. Psisula: Prosiding Berkala Psikologi, 1.
Szkody, E., & Mckinney, C. (2019). Social Support Versus Emotion Regulation: Mediators of Attachment and Psychological Problems After Social Exclusion. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 38(10), 882–905. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.10.882
Taheri-Kharameh, Z., Abdi, M., Omidi Koopaei, R., Alizadeh, M., Vahidabi, V., & Mirhoseini, H. (2016). The relationship between religious-spiritual well-being and stress, anxiety, and depression in university students. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics, 3(1), 30–35.
Ukhtia, F., Reza, I., & Zaharuddin, Z. (2017). hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kecemasan akademik pada siswa madrasah aliyah negeri. Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 2(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v2i2.1186
Unaradjan, D. D. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif. Penerbit Unika Atma Jaya Jakarta.
Whitehead, R., Bates, G., Elphinstone, B. et al. Nonattachment Mediates the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Psychological Well-Being, Subjective Well-Being, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress. J Happiness Stud 20, 2141–2158 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0041-9
Widiastuti, M., & Yuniarti, K. W. (2017). Penerimaan diri sebagai mediator hubungan antara religiusitas dengan kecemasan pada penyandang diabetes mellitus tipe 2. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 22(1), 1–13.
Yusuf, A. M. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif & penelitian gabungan. Prenada Media.
Yusup, F. (2018). Uji validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen penelitian kuantitatif. Tarbiyah: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 7(1). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18592/tarbiyah.v7i1.2100
Zook, K. L., & Pearce, J. H. (2018). Quantitative descriptive analysis. In Applied Sensory Analy of Foods (pp. 43–71). Routledge.