PERAN Al-KAMIL DALAM MEMELIHARA STABILITAS POLITIK DAN AGAMA DALAM KESULTANAN AYYUBIYAH DI MESIR

Abstract

This research is titled The Role of Al-Kamil in Maintaining Political and Religious Stability in the Ayyubid Sultanate in Egypt. The purpose of this research is, first, to understand the General Conditions of the Ayyubid Sultanate, including the history of the establishment and development of the Ayyubid Sultanate in Egypt. Second, to understand the role of Al-Kamil in the field of religious politics in the Ayyubid Sultanate. The type of research used in this study is Library Research, which involves collecting data by gathering literature. The data source used in this research is secondary sources. Secondary sources are sources originating from the second party or indirect sources, whether written or oral information that has been reconstructed or interpreted based on primary sources. Like books, journals, theses, dissertations, and other works related to the research theme. The approach used in this research is the Sociological Approach. To analyze the problem, the author uses the Role Theory according to Soejono Soekanto.

The result of this research is Al-Malik Al-Kamil Muhammad, also known as Al-Kamil. He was the Sultan of the Ayyubid Sultanate who faced many problems. The role played by Al-Kamil in the Ayyubid Sultanate was to strive to defend his territory from the Crusader forces. The political spirit that Sultan Al-Kamil embodied was when he withdrew his troops and considered ways or solutions to negotiate a Peace Treaty (Yafa) between both parties, namely the Crusader forces and the Muslims. The political policy of Al-Kamil actually provoked great anger from the Muslim community. Because, in one of the peace treaties (Yafa), Al-Kamil handed over Jerusalem to the Christians (Crusaders) as part of the peace treaty (Yafa). They considered the easy surrender of the holy city of Jerusalem to the Christians (Crusaders) as an injustice against the rights of Islam and the Muslim community.