Qom City as a Center for Shia Madzhab Education: History and Its Development

Main Article Content

KM. Ridho El-Razy
Hasan Asari
KMS. Badaruddin
ST Zailia
Dina Fahira

Abstract

Sensitive issues of the mazhaban between Sunni and Shi'a are increasingly rife in filling the information space of Indonesian society, especially after the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War. In addition, Indonesian students who graduated from the city of Qom, Iran, are considered to be the newest generation of Shiites who have a mission to spread syi'ahism and are often in conflict with other groups. This paper attempts to answer the formulation of the problem, "how is the history and development of the City of Qom as a center for Shi'a school of education in Iran?" The writing methodology used is based on a qualitative approach through historical investigations by conducting documentation data collection studies. This research proves that Qom has become an important Shiite base in Persia since many Alawites (descendants of Ali bin Abi Talib) migrated in the early centuries of Islamic times. Then, between the 9th and 10th centuries, two important sites for Shi'ite pilgrimage stood, namely the Tomb of Fatima Ma'shumah and the Jamkaran Mosque. In the same range, the Fuqaha of the Early Shi'a generation lived here, namely Shaykh Shaduq and Shaykh Al-Kulaini. However, Qom's vital role strengthened in the Safavid to Qajar periods between the 16th and 19th centuries with the Feiziyeh Madrasa as its icon. Shi'ite philosophers also worked there, including Mulla Shadra and Mulla Al-Razzaq Lahiji. Although weakened in the early 20th century, Ayatollah Haeri Yazdi's role in establishing the Qom Scholars' Seminary/Seminary in 1922 marked an advance that even rivaled Najaf as a center for Shi'i education. Ayatollah Khomeini was a major figure who graduated from that school which made Qom the base of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Until now, this city has been taken into account in Islamic education.

Article Details

How to Cite
Qom City as a Center for Shia Madzhab Education: History and Its Development. (2023). El-Idare: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.19109/elidare.v9i2.19110
Section
Artikel

How to Cite

Qom City as a Center for Shia Madzhab Education: History and Its Development. (2023). El-Idare: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.19109/elidare.v9i2.19110

References

Adelkah, F. (2016). The Thousand and One Borders of Iran: Travel and Identity. New York: Routledge.
Ahmad, A. (2013). The Road to Persia: Menelusuri Keindahan Iran yang Belum Terungkap. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Bunyan.
Ahmed, A. S. (2002). Rekonstruksi Sejarah Islam di Tengah Pluralitas Agama dan Peradaban. Yogyakarta: Fajar Pustaka Baru.
Akhlaq, S. H. (2023). The Making of Shia Ayatollahs. Maryland: Lexington Books.
Al-Kohlani, S. A. (2018). Improving Educational Gender Equality in Religious Societies. Cham: Palgrave Mcmillan.
Aristiana, N. R. (2008). Mengenal Budaya Persia. Bekasi: Ananda Baika.
Armstrong, K. (2014). Sejarah Islam. Bandung: Mizan.
Assagaf, M. H. (2009). Lintasan Sejarah Iran: Dari Dinasti Achaemenia ke Republik Revolusi Islam. Jakarta: The Cultural Section of Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Awani, G. R. (2012). Islam, Iran, dan Peradaban: Peran dan Kontribusi Intelektual Iran dalam Peradaban Islam. Yogyakarta: RausyanFikr Institute.
Ayatollahi, A. Y. (2022). Political Conservatism and Religious Reformation in Iran (1905-1979). Berlin: Springer VS.
Bano, M, K. S (Ed.). (2015). Shaping Global Islamic Discourses: The Role of Al-Azhar, Al-Medina, and Al-Mustafa. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Bokhari, R. M. S. (2011). Ensiklopedia Islam. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Cakmak, C (Ed.). (2017). Islam: A Worldwide Encyclpedia Vol 1: A-E. California: ABC-CLIO, Ltd.
Dumper, M., & Bruce E. S. (2007). Cities of the Middle East and North Africa. California: ABC-CLIO, Inc.
Fahrudin, H. (2017). Melancong Irit ke Iran. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
Fauziana, D. R., & Mujib, I. I. (2009). Khomeini dan Revolusi Iran. Yogyakarta: Narasi.
Huda, A. N. (2007). Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah (Aswaja) Menjawab Persoalan Tradisi. Jakarta: PP Lembaga Dakwah NU.
Iqbal, M. (2001). Fiqh Siyasah: Kontekstualisasi Doktrin Politik Islam. Jakarta: Gaya Media Pratama.
Jauquene, F. T. E. (2020). Demak Bintoro: Kerajaan Islam Pertama di Jawa dari Kejayaan hingga Keruntuhan. Yogyakarta: Araska.
Jurdi, S. (2013). Sosiologi Nusantara: Memahami Sosiologi Integralistik. Jakarta: Kencana.
Kholil, A. (2014). Pesona Cinta di Persia. Malang: Gunung Samudera.
Levy, J. (2010). Iran and the Shia. New York: Rosen Publishing Group.
Marzuq, J. R. (2015). Kota Sejuta Kisah. Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo.
Muhammad, A. (2010). Iran: Sejarah dan Lompatan Masa Depan Negeri Kaum Mullah. Surabaya: Penerbit Liris.
Nasr, S. H., & Syamsuddin, A. M (Penj.). (2014). Tiga Madzhab Utama Filsafat Islam. Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD.
Noraiee, H. (2022). Religion, Politics, and Ethnicity in Iran: Investigating the Case of the Sunni Deobandis. London: Europe Books.
Pourrostami, H., Movaghar, K., & Mostoufi, M (Penj.). (2001). The Time to Visit Iran. Tehran: Sahra Darya.
Pramasto, A. (2020). "Islamization, Shia, and Iran: The Historical Background of Shia-Iran Sensitive Issues". Islamuna: Jurnal Studi Islam, 7(1), Pp. 19-35.
Rajaee, F. (2010). Islamism and Modernism: The Changing Discourse in Iran. Texas: University of Texas Press.
Satori, A. (2018). Sistem Pemerintahan Iran Modern: Konsep Wilayatul Faqih Imam Khomeini sebagai Teologi dalam Relasi Agama dan Demokrasi. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Siavoshi, S. (2017). Montazeri: The Life and Thought of Iran’s Revolutionary Ayatollah. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Siradj, S. A. (1997). Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah dalam Lintasan Sejarah. Yogyakarta: LKPSM.
Soewadji, J. (2012). Pengantar Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: Mitra Wacana Media.
Sujarweni, V. W. (2019). Metodologi Penelitian: Lengkap, Praktis, dan Mudah Dipahami. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Baru Press.
Sulaeman, D. Y., & Sulaeman, O. (2011). Journey to Iran. Bandung: Mizan Media Utama.
Sulaeman, D. Y. (2007). Pelangi di Persia: Menyusuri Eksotisme Iran. Depok: Penerbit Pustaka IIman.
Surakhmad, W. (1980). Pengantar Penelitian Ilmiah: Dasar, Metode, dan Teknik. Bandung: Tarsito.
Suryabrata, S. (1983). Metodologi Penelitian. Jakarta: CV. Rajawali.
Tim Penulis MUI Pusat. (2013). Mengenal dan Mewaspadai Penyimpangan Syi’ah di Indonesia. Jakarta: Al-Qalam.
Tim. (2012). Buku Putih Mazhab Syiah Menurut Ulama Syiah yang Muktabar. Jakarta: Dewan Pengurus Pusat Ahlulbait Indonesia.
Ulum, M. B. (2012). Merajut Ukhuwah Memahami Syi’ah: Memuat Catatan untuk Hidayat Nur Wahid. Bandung: Marja.
Walbridge, L. S. (2001). The Most Learned of the Shi’a: The Institution of the Marja’ Taqlid. New York: Oxford University Press.
Yale, P, dkk. (2001). Iran. Victoria: Lonely Planet Publications.