Legal Frameworks of Enhancing Religious Harmony in Heterogeneous Societies: A Recommendation from Islamic Perspective

Abstract

This paper explores the role and importance of Islamic legal frameworks in promoting religious harmony within heterogeneous and multicultural societies. In the face of increasing global diversity and the complexities of maintaining peace among various religious communities, the study argues that Islamic jurisprudence—when interpreted through inclusive and equitable lenses—provides a robust and morally grounded foundation for fostering peaceful coexistence, mutual respect, and the protection of minority rights. Drawing upon both classical Islamic sources and contemporary applications, the paper critically examines key legal principles such as Maslaḥah (public interest), Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah (objectives of Islamic law), Dhimmi (protection of non-Muslim citizens), Ḥurriyah al-dīn (religious freedom), ‘Adl (justice), and Raḥmah (compassion). These principles are positioned as vital elements in shaping legal strategies that support pluralism and religious inclusion. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study utilizes a range of primary and secondary sources—including historical treaties, legal texts, scholarly articles, and literature reviews—to contextualize Islamic legal thought in modern multicultural settings. The research highlights that, when appropriately applied, Islamic jurisprudence can contribute meaningfully to contemporary legal debates on pluralism and social cohesion. Ultimately, this paper proposes legal recommendations rooted in Islamic values that aim to enhance existing international frameworks and promote more inclusive, stable, and harmonious societies.