Constructing Transcendental Communication: A Phenomenological Study of Khotaman Ritual in the Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah Order at Suryalaya
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze transcendental communication in the khotaman ritual of the Thoriqoh Qodiriyah Naqsyabandiyah (TQN) at Pondok Pesantren Suryalaya. This research is based on the limited studies in Islamic communication that discuss spiritual experience and transcendental communication within Sufi order rituals, particularly in the TQN khotaman tradition. This study employed a qualitative approach using a phenomenological method. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies of the khotaman ritual activities and the spiritual experiences of the sālikin. The findings reveal that transcendental communication in the khotaman ritual is manifested through dzikir jahr (vocal remembrance), dzikir khafi (silent remembrance), tawasul, recitation of manaqib, and the guidance of the mursyid or wakil talqin. These ritual practices create spiritual experiences that enable participants to perceive divine presence, inner peace, and transformation of spiritual consciousness. This study also identifies a hierarchical model of transcendental communication in TQN Suryalaya, consisting of personal communication through individual dzikir, collective communication through communal dzikir and khotaman, and transformative communication through spiritual experiences such as dzauq and fana’. This model demonstrates that the khotaman ritual functions not merely as a religious ritual, but also as a medium for spiritual consciousness formation and moral transformation leading toward ma‘rifatullah.
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