Iron Metallurgy as a Foundation of Civilization: A Qur’anic Analysis of QS. al-Hadid [57]: 25 and Saba’ [34]: 10–11
Main Article Content
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the position of iron as the foundation of human civilization through an interpretive study of QS. al-Hadid [57]: 25 and QS. Saba' [34]: 10-11 with an integrative scientific approach. This study uses a qualitative research method based on library research with primary data sources in the form of classical and contemporary exegetical works, such as Tafsir al-Tabari, Tafsir al-Azhar, and the scientific exegetical works of Zaghlūl an-Najjār, and supported by scientific literature related to metallurgy. The analysis was carried out using content analysis techniques with a thematic approach to identify theological, linguistic, and scientific meanings related to the concept of iron. The results of the study show that the Qur'an positions iron as a divine gift that has ba'sun syadid (great strength) and manafi' li al-nas (benefits for humans), which is reflected in the development of technology and civilization from the time of the Prophet David to the modern industrial revolution. Iron not only serves as a primary structural material in agriculture, the military, construction, and industry, but also serves as a symbol of technological progress that underpins modern social, economic, and infrastructure systems. This finding confirms the synergy between revelation and science in understanding the role of metallurgy as an instrument of public welfare and an indicator of the progress of human civilization from the early era to the Industrial Revolution 5.0.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
How to Cite
References
Abbas, Aries, dan Alfian Ady Saputra. Material Teknik. Padang: Gemilang Press Indonesia, 2025.
Al-Aṣfahānī, Muḥammad Rāghib. Al-Mufradāt fī Gharīb al-Qur’ān. Diterjemahkan oleh Ahmad Zainal Dahlan. Depok: Pustaka Khazanah, 2017.
Amanyazova, Botagoz, Moldir Sailaukhanova, dan Indira Kurmanbayeva. “Advances in Battery-Grade Nickel Sulfate Production.” Separation and Purification Technology 382, no. P1 (2026): 135672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2025.135672.
Anggraini, Eva, dan Muhib Rosyidi. “Karakteristik Metalurgi Pada Zaman Zulkarnain Dalam Kajian Sains.” JISTech (Journal of Islamic Science and Technology) 8, no. 1 (2023): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/jistech.v8i1.14627.
Anggara, Deki Ridho Adi, Aqdi Roqif Asnawi, dan Alhafidh Nasution. “Mengungkap Rahasia Besi Dalam Al-Qur’ān Menurut Zaġlūl Rāġib Muḥammad An-Najjār (Pendekatan At-Tafsīr Al-‘Ilmī).” MAGHZA: Jurnal Ilmu Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 8, no. 2 (2023): 192–206.
An-Najjār, Zaghlūl Rāghib Muḥammad. Tafsīr al-Āyāt al-Kauniyyah fī al-Qurʾān al-Karīm. Juz 3. Kairo: Maktabah as-Syurūq ad-Dawliyah, 2007.
Ath-Ṭabarī, Abū Ja‘far Muḥammad bin Jarīr. Jāmi‘ al-Bayān fī Ta’wīl al-Qur’ān. Jilid 24. Jakarta: Pustaka Azzam, 2013.
Erb-Satullo, Nathaniel L. “The Innovation and Adoption of Iron in the Ancient Near East.” Journal of Archaeological Research 27 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10814-019-09129-6.
Haaland, Gunnar, Randi Haaland, Suman Rijal. “The Social Life of Iron. A Cross-Cultural Study of Technological, Symbolic, and Social Aspects of Iron Making”. Anthropos 97, no. 1 (2002), 35-54.
Hamka. Tafsir Al-Azhar. Jilid 8. Jakarta: Pustaka Panjimas, 2003.
Humairoh, Melisa. “Konsep Besi Dalam Q.S. Al-Hadid Ayat 25 Berdasarkan Teori Verifikasi Alfred Jules Ayer.” Amsal Al-Qur'an: Jurnal Al-Qur'an dan Hadis 2, no. 3 (2025): 412–430. https://doi.org/10.63424/amsal.v2i3.500.
Husaini, Hasan, dan Badruddin. “Produksi Dalam Tafsir Al-Qur’an.” Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi 1, no. 2 (2025): 65–75. https://doi.org/10.71282/jurmie.v1i2.14.
Ibnu Manẓūr, Abū al-Faḍl Jamāluddīn Muḥammad bin Mukrim. Lisān al-‘Arab. Jilid 3. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1985.
Imaduddin, Imaduddin, et al. “Pengaruh Teknologi Industri 5.0 Terhadap Efisiensi Manajemen Produksi Di Perusahaan Manufaktur.” EKOMA: Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi 4, no. 1 (2024): 2376–2384.
Kayser, Ina. “Industry 5.0 – Past, Present, and Near Future.” Procedia Computer Science 219 (2023): 778–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2023.01.351.
Khoiruddin Zuhri, Mishbah. “Analisis Metalurgi Menurut Ilmu Kimia dan Perspektif Al-Qur’an: Tinjauan Surat Al-Kahfi Ayat 96–97.” Prosiding Konferensi Integrasi Interkoneksi Islam dan Sains 4 (2022): 364–369.
Lorenzo, Gianmaria Di, Antonio Formisano, Giusy Terracciano, Raffaele Landolfo, “Iron alloys and structural steels from XIX century until today: Evolution of mechanical properties and proposal of a rapid identification method”. Construction and Building Materials 302 (2021), 124132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124132.
Malik, Daffa Abdul. Pengaruh Variasi Massa Logam Perak Pada Ekstraksi Perak Nitrat (AgNO3) dengan Menggunakan Metode Reduksi Kimia Evaporasi. Lampung: Universitas Lampung, 2023.
Mardatillah B, Alya, Eva Dewi, dan Khairil Anwar. “Ayat-Ayat Kauniyah dan Qur’aniyah dalam Perspektif Epistemologi Ilmu” 3, no. 1 (2025): 22–31.
Mukmin, Taufik, dan Yesi Arikarani. “Filsafat Sebagai Sarana Transformasi Pendidikan Islam: Perspektif Ayat-Ayat Kauniyah.” Edification Journal: Pendidikan Agama Islam 8, no. 1 (2025): 53–64. https://doi.org/10.37092/ej.v8i1.1247.
Nafisa, Ashila Uhnul, dan Yeti Dahliana. “The Scientific Meaning of Fingerprints as Identity and Punishment in QS Al-Qiyamah (4) and Al-Anfal (12).” Mauriduna: Journal of Islamic Studies 6, no. 4 (2025): 698–717. https://doi.org/10.37274/mauriduna.v6i4.23.
Parvizi, Pooya, Milad Jalilian, dan Pedram Sorouri. “Mechanical and Physical Properties of Aluminum and Its Alloys for Electrical Conductors: A Review.” Next Materials 9 (2025): 101090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nxmate.2025.101090.
Pramono, Tech Agus, dan Rois Syuriah. “Eksistensi Ilmu Metalurgi dalam Perspektif Islam.” Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter ‘JAWARA’ (JPKJ) 4, no. 1 (2018): 75–83.
Prasetyo, Hoedi, dan Wahyudi Sutopo. “Industri 4.0: Telaah Klasifikasi Aspek dan Arah Perkembangan Riset.” J@ti Undip: Jurnal Teknik Industri 13, no. 1 (2018): 17–26. https://doi.org/10.14710/jati.13.1.17-26.
Putri, Nadise, et al. “Pancasila sebagai Landasan Etika dalam Mengatasi Tantangan Cyberbullying: Menumbuhkan Empati pada Generasi Z.” Nasywa - Maliki Interdisciplinary Journal 2, no. 4 (2024): 489–498.
Qomariyah, Qomariyah, Ilyas Ilyas. “Pemahaman Al-Dākhil Dalam Tafsir Saintifik: Sebuah Tinjauan Umum”. Jurnal Semiotika-Q: Kajian Ilmu al-Quran dan Tafsir 3, no. 2 (2023): 387–399. https://doi.org/10.19109/jsq.v3i2.26738.
Rashid, Md. Mamunur. “Scientific Findings on Origin and Attributes of Iron Mentioned in Al-Qur’an.” Journal of Quranic Sciences and Research 5, no. 1 (2024): 1–11.
Sudiarti, Tety, Gina Giftia A. Delilah, dan Rohmanur Aziz. “Besi dalam Al-Qur’an dan Sains Kimia (Analisis Teoritis dan Praktis Mengenai Besi dan Upaya Mengatasi Korosi pada Besi).” Al-Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan 5, no. 1 (2018): 7–16.
Suhendar, Dede. “Meninjau Bukti Ilmiah Kekuatan Besi Menurut Cara Pandang Ilmu Kimia dan Sains yang Berkaitan Beserta Beberapa Konsekuensinya sebagaimana Disebut dalam Al-Qur’an Qs. Al-Hadid: 25.” Jurnal Istek 4, no. 1 (2011).
Sukmaningtyas, Anisa Nur Izzati, et al. “Etika Komunikasi Al-Qur’an dan Relevansinya dengan Komunikasi di Zaman Modern.” Jurnal Semiotika-Q: Kajian Ilmu al-Qur’an dan Tafsir 4, no. 2 (2024): 556–576. https://doi.org/10.19109/jsq.v4i2.23981.
Trisyanti, Umi, dan Banu Prasetyo. “Revolusi Industri dan Tantangan Revolusi Industri 4.0.” Prosiding SEMATEKSOS 3 (2018): 22–27.
Tundjung, dan Rani Noviyanti. “Revolusi Industri dan Pengaruhnya pada Penelitian Sejarah.” Alur Sejarah: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 4, no. 2 (2020).
Wisnujati, Andika, dan Chirtian Sepriansyah. “Analisis Sifat Fisik dan Mekanik Paduan Aluminium dengan Variabel Suhu Cetakan Logam (Dies) 450 dan 500 Derajat Celcius untuk Manufaktur Poros Berulir (Screw).” Turbo 7, no. 2 (2018): 159–165.
Wertime, Theodore A. “Man's First Encounters With Metallurgy : Man's discovery of ores and metals helped to shape his sense of science, technology, and history”. Science 146, no. 3649 (1964), 1257-1267, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3649.1257.
Yunus, Maya, dan Margono Mitrohardjono. “Pengembangan Teknologi di Era Industri 4.0 dalam Pengelolaan Pendidikan Sekolah Dasar Islam Plus Baitul Maal.” Jurnal Tahdzibi: Manajemen Pendidikan Islam 3, no. 2 (2020): 129–138. https://doi.org/10.24853/tahdzibi.3.2.129-138.