WORKPLACE DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN ISLAMIC HOSPITAL
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Published:
Dec 27, 2022
Keywords:
Workplace Deviant Behavior, Workplace Spirituality, Islamic Personality
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Abstract
Workplace Deviant Behavior has a negative impact on the accomplishment of organizational goals, creates social and economic losses, as well as interferes with a person's safety at work. This study aimed to determine whether Islamic personality and workplace spirituality had any direct effects on work-deviant behavior. Workplace spirituality was also put to the test as a mediator at the same time. Islamic personality was assessed using the Ummatic Personality Inventory (UPI), workplace spirituality was assessed using the Spirituality of Work Scale (SWS), and workplace deviant behavior was assessed using the Workplace Deviant Behavior Inventory (WDB). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze data from N = 311 healthcare professionals working in an Islamic hospital in Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia. Workplace spirituality, according to the study's findings, acted as a mediator between Islamic personality and deviant behavior at work, having a negative indirect influence. In conclusion, workplace spirituality and Islamic personality were the most significant influences on deviant behavior. In addition, coaching programs to improve collaboration and group cohesiveness among healthcare professionals should be implemented, as well as corrective teamwork training, to guarantee high productivity.
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WORKPLACE DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN ISLAMIC HOSPITAL. (2022). Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 8(2), 263-276. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i2.13674
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Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami by http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/psikis is licensed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.
How to Cite
WORKPLACE DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN ISLAMIC HOSPITAL. (2022). Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 8(2), 263-276. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v8i2.13674
References
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Adnan, A. A. & Wan Chik, W. Y. (2008). Bank Selection Determinants from Islamic Perspective: A Preliminary Review, paper presented at Seminar on Islam Entrepreneurship and Consumerism II organized by Universiti Malaya, 15 October 2008.
Afsar, B., & Rehman, M. (2015). The relationship between workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: The mediating role of perceived person–organization fit. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 12, 329–353.
Ahmad, A., Omar, Z., 2014. Reducing deviant behavior through workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. Asian Soc. Sci. 10 (19), 107–112.
Ali, A. J., & Gibbs, M. (1998). Foundation of business ethics in contemporary religious thought: the Ten Commandment perspective. International Journal of Social Economics, 25(10), 1552–1564
Anggraini, P. A. F. N. (2017). Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Spiritualitas di Tempat Kerja Sebagai Variabel Moderator Pada Divisi Kelola SDM dan Pelayanan Pelanggan PDAM Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen – Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Vol 5(3) 1- 8
Appelbaum, S. H., Shapiro, B. T., & Molson, J. (2006). Diagnosis and remedies for deviant workplace behaviors. Journal of American Academy of Business, 9(2), 14-20.
Aquino, K., & Douglas, S. (2003). Identity threat and antisocial behavior in organizations: The moderating effects of individual differences, aggressive modeling, and hierarchical status. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 90(1), 195-208
Aquino, K., Tripp and Bies, R.J. (2006) ‘Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offence as predictors of revenge, forgiveness reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp.653–668.
Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9, 134–145
Baharudin, B., Kurdi, F., & Lionardo, A. (2016). Analisis Perbedaan Tipe Kepribadian A Dan B Terhadap Manajemen Konflik Interpersonal Pada Pegawai Rumah Sakit Khusus Mata Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 1(2), 25-33
Bashir S, Nasir M, Qayyum S, Bashir A (2012) Dimensionality of counterproductive work behaviors in public sector organizations of Pakistan. Public Org Rev 12: 357-366.
Bennett, R.J. and Robinson, S.L. (2000) ‘Development of a measure of workplace deviance’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, pp.349–360.
Bolton, L. R., Becker, L. K., and Barber, L. K. 2010. Big Five trait predictors of differential counterproductive work behavior dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 537-541
Buang, A. (2010). Reconstructing grand theory in Islamic human geography–Some preliminary notes. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 6(3), 40-45.
Buckels, E. E., Jones, D. & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). Behavioral confirmation of everyday sadism. Psychological Science, 24 (11), 2201-2209.
Budiman, B., Hadinata, E., & Apriatna, A. (2018). Kepribadian Muslim Terhadap Perilaku Bullying Di Rumah Sakit Islam Wilayah Kota Palembang. Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 3(2), 118-124
Cheang, H. S., & Appelbaum, S. H. (2015). Corporate psychopathy: deviant workplace behaviour and toxic leaders – part one. Industrial and Commercial Training, 47(4), 165–173.
Chen LL, Fahb BCY, Jin TC (2016) Perceived organizational support and workplace deviance in the voluntary sector. Procedia Econ Financ 35: 468-475.
Chen, C. Y., & Yang, C. F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107-114
Dalal, R. s., Lam, H., Weiss, H. M., Welch, E. R., & Hulin, C. L. (2009). A Within-Person Approach to Work Behavior and Performance: Concurrent and
Duchon, D., & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 807-833.
Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., & Heller, D. 2009. Organizational supports and workplace deviance: The mediating role of organization-based self-esteem. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108: 279-286
Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In R. A. Giacalone, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 3-26). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Greenberg
Giacalone, R. A., Riordan, C. A. and Rosenfeld, P. 1997. In R. Giacalone and J. Greenberg (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in organizations (pp. 109-129). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Giacalone, R.A., and C.L. Jurkiewicz. 2003. The interaction of materialist and postmaterialist values in predicting dimensions of personal and social identity. Human Relations, 57, 1379–1405
Golestanipour, M., 2016. Simple and multiple relationships between ethical leadership, transformational leadership and ethical climate and organizational spirituality among the employees of the Iran national steel industrial. Rev. Eur. Stud. 8 (2), 355–363.
Gomam, G.M., Vem, L.J., Panshak, R.G., 2017. Tetrad effect of perceived justice dimension on normative commitment, psychological ownership and organizational deviant behavior: a conceptual framework. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Res. Dev. 4 (4), 69–84.
Gupta, M., Kumar, V., & Singh, M. (2013). Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality: A study of the private insurance sector in Punjab (India). Journal of Business Ethics, 122, 1–10
Hair Jr, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., 2013. Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective, 8th edition. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Harrington, Joseph E., 2004. Post-Cartel Pricing During Litigation. Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 52, (4), 517-533,
James, M. S., Miles, A. K., & Mullins, T. (2011). The interactive effects of spirituality and trait cynicism on citizenship and counterproductive work behaviors. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(2), 165-182.
Jiang, H., Chen, Y., Sun, P., Yang, J., 2017. The relationship between authoritarian leadership and employees’ deviant workplace behaviors: the mediating effects of psychological contract violation and organizational cynicism. Front. Psychol. 8, 732.
Keashly, L., Trott, V., & MacLean, L. M. (1994). Abusive behavior in the workplace: A preliminary investigation. Violence and Victims, 9(4), 341–357.Harper, D. (1990) ‘Spotlight abuse-save profits’, Industrial Distribution, Vol. 7, pp.47–51.
Khanifar, H., Jandaghi, G., & Shojaie, S. (2010). Organizational consideration between spirituality and professional commitment. European Journal of Social Sciences, 12(4), 558-571)
Kozako, I. N. A. M. F., Safin, S. Z., and Rahim, A. R. A. 2013. The relationship of big five personality traits on counterproductive work behaviour among hotel employees: An exploratory study. Procedia Economics and Finance, 7, 181-187.
Lagged Citizenship Counterproductivity Associations, and Dynamic Relationships with Affect and OverallJob Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52(5), 1051–1066
Leape, L. L., & Fromson, J. A. (2006). Problem Doctors: Is There a System-Level Solution? Annals of Internal Medicine, 144(2), 107.
LeBlanc, M.; Kelloway, E. (2002). Predictors and outcomes of workplace violence and aggression. Journal of Applied Psychology 87(3): 444–453.
Li, S., Chen, Y., 2018. The relationship between psychological contract breach and employees’ counterproductive work behaviors: the mediating effect of organizational cynicism and work alienation. Front. Psychol. 9, 1273.
Linton, D. K., & Power, J. L. (2013). The personality traits of workplace bullies are often shared by their victims: Is there a dark side to victims? Personality and Individual Differences, 54(6), 738-743.
McCarthy, J. (2005). Scale, Sovereignty, and Strategy in Environmental Governance. Antipode, 37(4), 731–753.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447
Milliman, J., Ferguson, J., Trickett, D., & Condemi, B. (1999). Spirit and community at Southwest Airlines: An investigation of a spiritual values-based model. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 221-233.
Milliman, J., Gatling, A., Kim, J.S., 2016. The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement, intention to stay, and service delivery. J. Hosp. Tour. Manag. 35, 56–65.
Mitroff, I. I. and E. A. Denton: 1999, ‘A Study of Spirituality in the Workplace’, Sloan Management Review 40, 83–9
Murphy, K. R. 1993. Honesty in the Workplace, Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole
Ninin, R. H (2022). Diri Religius: Suatu Perspektif Psikologi Terhadap Kepribadian Akhlaqul Karimah. Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 5(1), 1-12
O’Boyle, E. H., Jr., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the dark triad and work behavior: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 557-579.
O’Neill, T. A., & Hastings, S. E. (2011). Explaining workplace deviance behavior with more than just the “Big Five”. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 268-273
Olabimtan, B. and Alausa, W.M. (2014) ‘Psychological factors predicting workplace deviance behaviour among nurses in the public health sector in Lagos’, Nigerian Journal of Applied Behavioural Sciences, Vol. 2, pp.137–152.
Othman, N. (2011). Exploring the Ummatic Personality Dimensions from the Psycho-spiritual Paradigm. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 3(2), 37-47.
Pfeffer, J. (2003), “Introduction to the classic edition,” in Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. R., The External Control of organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (classic edition), Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA
Pfeffer, J. (2010). Building sustainable organizations: The human factor. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(1), 34-45.
Prianto Agus, 2005, Menakar Kualitas Pelayanan Publik, Malang: Intrans Publishing.
Reza, Y.H., Reza, K., M. R, Reza, S.G., 2010. The mediating role of spirituality in relationship between organizational justice and spirituality consequences. J. Bus. Manag. Perspect. 3 (36), 115–133
Robbins, S.P. (2005) Essentials of Organizational Behavior. 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Robinson, S. L., and Bennett, R. J. 1995. A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555-572
Saroglou, V. & Munoz-Garcia, A. (2008). Individual Differences in Religion and Spirituality: An Issue of Personality Traits and/or Values. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47(1), 83–10
Spector, P. E., Bauer, J. A., and Fox, S. 2010. Measurement artifacts in the assessment of Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Do we know what we think we know. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4), 78190.
Sulaiman, M. & Bhatti, O. K. (2013). Workplace Deviance and spirituality in Muslim Organizations. Asian Social Science, 9(10), 237-246
Thau, S., Bennett, R. J., Mitchell, M. S., & Marrs, M. B. (2009). How management style moderates the relationship between abusive supervision and workplace deviance: An uncertainty management theory perspective. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108 (1), 79–92.
Vardi, Y. and Weiner, Y. 1992. Organizational misbehavior (OMB): A calculative-normative model. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management. Las Vegas
Vardi, Y., & Weitz, E. (2004). Vardi & Weitz, 2003. Misbehaviour in organizations: Theory, research, and management. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate
Weber, H. (2004), “Explorations in the social construction of anger”, Motivation and Emotion, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 197-219.
Weitz, E., Vardi, Y., & Setter, O. (2012). Spirituality and organizational misbehavior. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 9(3), 255-281.
Yousef, D. (2001). The Islamic work ethic as a mediator of the relationship between of control, role conflict and role ambiguity – A study in an Islamic country setting. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(4), 283-302.
Adnan, A. A. & Wan Chik, W. Y. (2008). Bank Selection Determinants from Islamic Perspective: A Preliminary Review, paper presented at Seminar on Islam Entrepreneurship and Consumerism II organized by Universiti Malaya, 15 October 2008.
Afsar, B., & Rehman, M. (2015). The relationship between workplace spirituality and innovative work behavior: The mediating role of perceived person–organization fit. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 12, 329–353.
Ahmad, A., Omar, Z., 2014. Reducing deviant behavior through workplace spirituality and job satisfaction. Asian Soc. Sci. 10 (19), 107–112.
Ali, A. J., & Gibbs, M. (1998). Foundation of business ethics in contemporary religious thought: the Ten Commandment perspective. International Journal of Social Economics, 25(10), 1552–1564
Anggraini, P. A. F. N. (2017). Pengaruh Stres Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Spiritualitas di Tempat Kerja Sebagai Variabel Moderator Pada Divisi Kelola SDM dan Pelayanan Pelanggan PDAM Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen – Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen Vol 5(3) 1- 8
Appelbaum, S. H., Shapiro, B. T., & Molson, J. (2006). Diagnosis and remedies for deviant workplace behaviors. Journal of American Academy of Business, 9(2), 14-20.
Aquino, K., & Douglas, S. (2003). Identity threat and antisocial behavior in organizations: The moderating effects of individual differences, aggressive modeling, and hierarchical status. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 90(1), 195-208
Aquino, K., Tripp and Bies, R.J. (2006) ‘Getting even or moving on? Power, procedural justice, and types of offence as predictors of revenge, forgiveness reconciliation, and avoidance in organizations’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 91, No. 3, pp.653–668.
Ashmos, D. P., & Duchon, D. (2000). Spirituality at work: A conceptualization and measure. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9, 134–145
Baharudin, B., Kurdi, F., & Lionardo, A. (2016). Analisis Perbedaan Tipe Kepribadian A Dan B Terhadap Manajemen Konflik Interpersonal Pada Pegawai Rumah Sakit Khusus Mata Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 1(2), 25-33
Bashir S, Nasir M, Qayyum S, Bashir A (2012) Dimensionality of counterproductive work behaviors in public sector organizations of Pakistan. Public Org Rev 12: 357-366.
Bennett, R.J. and Robinson, S.L. (2000) ‘Development of a measure of workplace deviance’, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 83, pp.349–360.
Bolton, L. R., Becker, L. K., and Barber, L. K. 2010. Big Five trait predictors of differential counterproductive work behavior dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(5), 537-541
Buang, A. (2010). Reconstructing grand theory in Islamic human geography–Some preliminary notes. Geografia: Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 6(3), 40-45.
Buckels, E. E., Jones, D. & Paulhus, D. L. (2013). Behavioral confirmation of everyday sadism. Psychological Science, 24 (11), 2201-2209.
Budiman, B., Hadinata, E., & Apriatna, A. (2018). Kepribadian Muslim Terhadap Perilaku Bullying Di Rumah Sakit Islam Wilayah Kota Palembang. Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 3(2), 118-124
Cheang, H. S., & Appelbaum, S. H. (2015). Corporate psychopathy: deviant workplace behaviour and toxic leaders – part one. Industrial and Commercial Training, 47(4), 165–173.
Chen LL, Fahb BCY, Jin TC (2016) Perceived organizational support and workplace deviance in the voluntary sector. Procedia Econ Financ 35: 468-475.
Chen, C. Y., & Yang, C. F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 105(1), 107-114
Dalal, R. s., Lam, H., Weiss, H. M., Welch, E. R., & Hulin, C. L. (2009). A Within-Person Approach to Work Behavior and Performance: Concurrent and
Duchon, D., & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing the spirit at work: Impact on work unit performance. Leadership Quarterly, 16(5), 807-833.
Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., & Heller, D. 2009. Organizational supports and workplace deviance: The mediating role of organization-based self-esteem. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108: 279-286
Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In R. A. Giacalone, & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 3-26). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe. Greenberg
Giacalone, R. A., Riordan, C. A. and Rosenfeld, P. 1997. In R. Giacalone and J. Greenberg (Eds.), Antisocial behavior in organizations (pp. 109-129). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Giacalone, R.A., and C.L. Jurkiewicz. 2003. The interaction of materialist and postmaterialist values in predicting dimensions of personal and social identity. Human Relations, 57, 1379–1405
Golestanipour, M., 2016. Simple and multiple relationships between ethical leadership, transformational leadership and ethical climate and organizational spirituality among the employees of the Iran national steel industrial. Rev. Eur. Stud. 8 (2), 355–363.
Gomam, G.M., Vem, L.J., Panshak, R.G., 2017. Tetrad effect of perceived justice dimension on normative commitment, psychological ownership and organizational deviant behavior: a conceptual framework. Int. J. Adv. Sci. Res. Dev. 4 (4), 69–84.
Gupta, M., Kumar, V., & Singh, M. (2013). Creating satisfied employees through workplace spirituality: A study of the private insurance sector in Punjab (India). Journal of Business Ethics, 122, 1–10
Hair Jr, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., 2013. Multivariate Data Analysis: A Global Perspective, 8th edition. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey
Harrington, Joseph E., 2004. Post-Cartel Pricing During Litigation. Journal of Industrial Economics, Vol. 52, (4), 517-533,
James, M. S., Miles, A. K., & Mullins, T. (2011). The interactive effects of spirituality and trait cynicism on citizenship and counterproductive work behaviors. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 8(2), 165-182.
Jiang, H., Chen, Y., Sun, P., Yang, J., 2017. The relationship between authoritarian leadership and employees’ deviant workplace behaviors: the mediating effects of psychological contract violation and organizational cynicism. Front. Psychol. 8, 732.
Keashly, L., Trott, V., & MacLean, L. M. (1994). Abusive behavior in the workplace: A preliminary investigation. Violence and Victims, 9(4), 341–357.Harper, D. (1990) ‘Spotlight abuse-save profits’, Industrial Distribution, Vol. 7, pp.47–51.
Khanifar, H., Jandaghi, G., & Shojaie, S. (2010). Organizational consideration between spirituality and professional commitment. European Journal of Social Sciences, 12(4), 558-571)
Kozako, I. N. A. M. F., Safin, S. Z., and Rahim, A. R. A. 2013. The relationship of big five personality traits on counterproductive work behaviour among hotel employees: An exploratory study. Procedia Economics and Finance, 7, 181-187.
Lagged Citizenship Counterproductivity Associations, and Dynamic Relationships with Affect and OverallJob Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52(5), 1051–1066
Leape, L. L., & Fromson, J. A. (2006). Problem Doctors: Is There a System-Level Solution? Annals of Internal Medicine, 144(2), 107.
LeBlanc, M.; Kelloway, E. (2002). Predictors and outcomes of workplace violence and aggression. Journal of Applied Psychology 87(3): 444–453.
Li, S., Chen, Y., 2018. The relationship between psychological contract breach and employees’ counterproductive work behaviors: the mediating effect of organizational cynicism and work alienation. Front. Psychol. 9, 1273.
Linton, D. K., & Power, J. L. (2013). The personality traits of workplace bullies are often shared by their victims: Is there a dark side to victims? Personality and Individual Differences, 54(6), 738-743.
McCarthy, J. (2005). Scale, Sovereignty, and Strategy in Environmental Governance. Antipode, 37(4), 731–753.
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson, J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: An exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426-447
Milliman, J., Ferguson, J., Trickett, D., & Condemi, B. (1999). Spirit and community at Southwest Airlines: An investigation of a spiritual values-based model. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 221-233.
Milliman, J., Gatling, A., Kim, J.S., 2016. The effect of workplace spirituality on hospitality employee engagement, intention to stay, and service delivery. J. Hosp. Tour. Manag. 35, 56–65.
Mitroff, I. I. and E. A. Denton: 1999, ‘A Study of Spirituality in the Workplace’, Sloan Management Review 40, 83–9
Murphy, K. R. 1993. Honesty in the Workplace, Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole
Ninin, R. H (2022). Diri Religius: Suatu Perspektif Psikologi Terhadap Kepribadian Akhlaqul Karimah. Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 5(1), 1-12
O’Boyle, E. H., Jr., Forsyth, D. R., Banks, G. C., & McDaniel, M. A. (2012). A meta-analysis of the dark triad and work behavior: A social exchange perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(3), 557-579.
O’Neill, T. A., & Hastings, S. E. (2011). Explaining workplace deviance behavior with more than just the “Big Five”. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 268-273
Olabimtan, B. and Alausa, W.M. (2014) ‘Psychological factors predicting workplace deviance behaviour among nurses in the public health sector in Lagos’, Nigerian Journal of Applied Behavioural Sciences, Vol. 2, pp.137–152.
Othman, N. (2011). Exploring the Ummatic Personality Dimensions from the Psycho-spiritual Paradigm. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 3(2), 37-47.
Pfeffer, J. (2003), “Introduction to the classic edition,” in Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. R., The External Control of organizations: A Resource Dependence Perspective (classic edition), Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA
Pfeffer, J. (2010). Building sustainable organizations: The human factor. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(1), 34-45.
Prianto Agus, 2005, Menakar Kualitas Pelayanan Publik, Malang: Intrans Publishing.
Reza, Y.H., Reza, K., M. R, Reza, S.G., 2010. The mediating role of spirituality in relationship between organizational justice and spirituality consequences. J. Bus. Manag. Perspect. 3 (36), 115–133
Robbins, S.P. (2005) Essentials of Organizational Behavior. 8th Edition, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
Robinson, S. L., and Bennett, R. J. 1995. A typology of deviant workplace behaviors: A multidimensional scaling study. Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555-572
Saroglou, V. & Munoz-Garcia, A. (2008). Individual Differences in Religion and Spirituality: An Issue of Personality Traits and/or Values. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47(1), 83–10
Spector, P. E., Bauer, J. A., and Fox, S. 2010. Measurement artifacts in the assessment of Counterproductive Work Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Do we know what we think we know. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4), 78190.
Sulaiman, M. & Bhatti, O. K. (2013). Workplace Deviance and spirituality in Muslim Organizations. Asian Social Science, 9(10), 237-246
Thau, S., Bennett, R. J., Mitchell, M. S., & Marrs, M. B. (2009). How management style moderates the relationship between abusive supervision and workplace deviance: An uncertainty management theory perspective. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 108 (1), 79–92.
Vardi, Y. and Weiner, Y. 1992. Organizational misbehavior (OMB): A calculative-normative model. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management. Las Vegas
Vardi, Y., & Weitz, E. (2004). Vardi & Weitz, 2003. Misbehaviour in organizations: Theory, research, and management. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate
Weber, H. (2004), “Explorations in the social construction of anger”, Motivation and Emotion, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp. 197-219.
Weitz, E., Vardi, Y., & Setter, O. (2012). Spirituality and organizational misbehavior. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 9(3), 255-281.
Yousef, D. (2001). The Islamic work ethic as a mediator of the relationship between of control, role conflict and role ambiguity – A study in an Islamic country setting. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 15(4), 283-302.