THE MOTIVATION AND MEANING OF VISITING SACRED PLACES FOR INDONESIAN MUSLIMS
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Published:
Dec 20, 2023
Keywords:
Sacred Places, Pilgrimage Motivations, Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life (SoMe), Vertical Self-Transcendence, Horizontal Self-Transcendence
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Abstract
Muslims often visit places that are considered sacred or have spiritual significance in their lives. This study aims to (1) identify what places are considered sacred places and are often visited by Indonesian Muslims, (2) identify what motivations underlie the trip to visit these sacred places, (3) identify what meanings are obtained from activities to visit sacred places, (4) examine the effect of motivation on the meaning of visiting sacred places. The participant of this research is 225 Indonesian Muslims. Construct validity was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis through LISREL 8. 7. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The results showed that (1) there are several places that are considered as sacred places and often visited by Muslims, namely the cemeteries of family, ancestor, ‘wali’ and ‘kyai’, important figures, grand mosque in each part of the country, Mecca/Medina and Islamic historical places, (2) There are several motivations in visiting the sacred place, namely: religious motive, spiritual motive, new experience motive, cultural motive, outdoor and natural motive, motivation to break from routine, motivation to meet people and visit other places, and motivation to fulfill promises or traditions, (3) there are 2 meanings obtained from visiting sacred places, namely: vertical self-transcendence and horizontal self-transcendence, (4) vertical self-transcendence is influenced by religious and spiritual motivation, while horizontal self-transcendence influenced by religious motives, outdoor and natural motives, break from a routine motive.
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THE MOTIVATION AND MEANING OF VISITING SACRED PLACES FOR INDONESIAN MUSLIMS. (2023). Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 9(2), 324-335. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v9i2.19560
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Psikis: Jurnal Psikologi Islami by http://jurnal.radenfatah.ac.id/index.php/psikis is licensed under a Lisensi Creative Commons Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa 4.0 Internasional.
How to Cite
THE MOTIVATION AND MEANING OF VISITING SACRED PLACES FOR INDONESIAN MUSLIMS. (2023). Psikis : Jurnal Psikologi Islami, 9(2), 324-335. https://doi.org/10.19109/psikis.v9i2.19560
References
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Beckstead, Z. (2010). Liminality in acculturation and pilgrimage: When movement becomes meaningful. Culture and Psychology, 16, 383–393.
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Casson, L. (1991). Reisen in der alten Welt [Travel in the ancient world]. München: Prestel Verlag.
Ciompi, L. (2002). Symbolische Affektkanalisation – eine therapeutische Grundfunktion von Ritualen [Symbolic canalization of affect - a basic therapeutical function of rituals]. In R. Welter-Enderlin & B. Hildenbrand (Eds.), Rituale – Vielfalt in Alltag und Therapie [Rituals - variety in everyday life and therapy] (pp. 53–70). Heidelberg: Carl-Auer-SystemeVerlag.
Cohen, E. (1992). Pilgrimage centres: Concentric and eccentric. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(1), 33–50.
Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Researching pilgrimage. Continuity and transformations. Annals of Tourism Research, 37, 440–456.
Erdmann, M. (1999). Ritual und reflexion [Ritual and reflection]. In C. Caduff & J. Pfaff-Czarnecka (Eds.), Rituale heute [Rituals today] (pp. 165–178). Berlin: Reimer.
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Goodenough, U. (2001). Vertical and horizontal transcendence. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, 36, 21–31.
Haab, B. (1998). Weg und Wandlung. Zur Spiritualität heutiger Jakobspilger und –pilgerinnen [Road and transformation. On the spirituality of contemporary pilgrims on the Camino]. Freiburg: Universitätsverlag.
Imber-Black, E., Roberts, J., & Whiting, R. A. (Eds.). (1998). Rituale [Ritual]. Heidelberg: Carl-Auer-Systeme Ver
Jung, C. G. (1993). Der Mensch und seine Symbole [Man and his symbols]. Olten: Walter.
Keenan, W. J. F. (2012). Family resemblances twixt implicit religion and postmodernity: A fecund framework for engaging new times. Implicit Religion, 15.
Kiss, K. (1999). Abschied und Neubeginn: Die Funktion christlicher Schwellenrituale aus psychologischer Sicht [Parting and restart: the function of Christian rites of passage from a psychological perspective]. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft.
Leontiev, A. N. (1982). Tätigkeit, bewusstsein, persönlichkeit [Activity, consciousness, personality]. Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein.
Luckmann, T. (1985). Riten als Bewältigung lebensweltlicher Grenzen [Rites as means of coping with social-environmental boundaries]. Schweizer Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 3, 535–550.
MacCannell, D. (1973). Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. American Journal of Sociology, 793, 589–603.
Pali, S. (2010). “Ein Pilger ist der, welcher geht, und der, welcher sucht.” Eine Längsschnittstudie zu Lebenssinn und Lebensbedeutungen bei Pilgern des Jakobswegs [“A pilgrim is he who walks and he who searches.” A longitudinal study on meaning in life and sources of meaning among pilgrims of the Camino] (Unpublished thesis). Innsbruck University, Austria.
Platvoet, J. (1995). Ritual in plural and pluralist societies: Instruments for analysis. In J. Platvoet & K. v. d. Toorn (Eds.), Pluralism and identity (pp. 25–51). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2003). A framework for the study of implicit religion: The psychological theory of implicit religiosity. Implicit Religion, 6, 86–1
Schnell, Tatjana, & Becker, P. (2006). Personality and meaning in life. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 117–129.
Schnell, Tatjana, & Becker, P. (2007). Der Fragebogen zu Lebensbedeutungen und Lebenssinn (LeBe) [The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe)]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2009a). Implizite Religiosität: Zur Psychologie des Lebenssinns [Implicit religiosity: On the psychology of meaning in life] (Rev. ed.). Lengerich: Pabst.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2009b). The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 483–499.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2010). Existential indifference: Another quality of meaning in life. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 50, 351–373.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2011b). Experiential validity: Psychological approaches to the sacred. Implicit Religion, 14, 387–404.
Schnell, Tatjana & Pali, Sarah. (2013). Pilgrimage today: the meaningmaking potential of ritual, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16:9, 887-902, DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2013.766449
Selvini-Palazzoli, M., Boscolo, L., Cecchin, G. F., & Prata, G. (1977). Family rituals as powerful tool in family therapy. Family Process, 16, 445–454.
Shuo, Y. S. S., Ryan, C., & Liu, G. M. (2009). Taoism, temples and tourists: The case of Mazu pilgrimage tourism. Tourism Management, 30, 581–588.
Swatos, W. H. Jr., & Tomasi, L. (2002). From medieval pilgrimage to religious tourism: The social and cultural economics of piety. Westport, CT: Praeger
Turner, V., & Turner, E. (1969). The ritual process. London: Routledge.
Turner, V., & Turner, E. (1978). Image and pilgrimage in Christian culture. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Welter-Enderlin, R., & Hildenbrand, B. (Eds.). (2002). Rituale – Vielfalt in Alltag und Therapie [Rituals - variety in everyday life and therapy]. Heidelberg: Carl-Auer-SystemeVerlag
Beckstead, Z. (2010). Liminality in acculturation and pilgrimage: When movement becomes meaningful. Culture and Psychology, 16, 383–393.
Caduff, C., & Pfaff-Czarnecka, J. (Eds.). (1999). Rituale heute [Rituals today]. Berlin: Reimer.
Casson, L. (1991). Reisen in der alten Welt [Travel in the ancient world]. München: Prestel Verlag.
Ciompi, L. (2002). Symbolische Affektkanalisation – eine therapeutische Grundfunktion von Ritualen [Symbolic canalization of affect - a basic therapeutical function of rituals]. In R. Welter-Enderlin & B. Hildenbrand (Eds.), Rituale – Vielfalt in Alltag und Therapie [Rituals - variety in everyday life and therapy] (pp. 53–70). Heidelberg: Carl-Auer-SystemeVerlag.
Cohen, E. (1992). Pilgrimage centres: Concentric and eccentric. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(1), 33–50.
Collins-Kreiner, N. (2010). Researching pilgrimage. Continuity and transformations. Annals of Tourism Research, 37, 440–456.
Erdmann, M. (1999). Ritual und reflexion [Ritual and reflection]. In C. Caduff & J. Pfaff-Czarnecka (Eds.), Rituale heute [Rituals today] (pp. 165–178). Berlin: Reimer.
Freud, S. (1907). Zwangshandlungen und Religionsausübung. Zeitschrift für Religionspsychologie, 1, 4–12. Gennep, A. van (1960). The rites of passage. A classic study of cultural celebrations. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1909).
Gennep, A. van (1960). The rites of passage. A classic study of cultural celebration. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1909).
Goodenough, U. (2001). Vertical and horizontal transcendence. Zygon: Journal of Religion and Science, 36, 21–31.
Haab, B. (1998). Weg und Wandlung. Zur Spiritualität heutiger Jakobspilger und –pilgerinnen [Road and transformation. On the spirituality of contemporary pilgrims on the Camino]. Freiburg: Universitätsverlag.
Imber-Black, E., Roberts, J., & Whiting, R. A. (Eds.). (1998). Rituale [Ritual]. Heidelberg: Carl-Auer-Systeme Ver
Jung, C. G. (1993). Der Mensch und seine Symbole [Man and his symbols]. Olten: Walter.
Keenan, W. J. F. (2012). Family resemblances twixt implicit religion and postmodernity: A fecund framework for engaging new times. Implicit Religion, 15.
Kiss, K. (1999). Abschied und Neubeginn: Die Funktion christlicher Schwellenrituale aus psychologischer Sicht [Parting and restart: the function of Christian rites of passage from a psychological perspective]. Pfaffenweiler: Centaurus-Verlagsgesellschaft.
Leontiev, A. N. (1982). Tätigkeit, bewusstsein, persönlichkeit [Activity, consciousness, personality]. Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein.
Luckmann, T. (1985). Riten als Bewältigung lebensweltlicher Grenzen [Rites as means of coping with social-environmental boundaries]. Schweizer Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 3, 535–550.
MacCannell, D. (1973). Staged authenticity: Arrangements of social space in tourist settings. American Journal of Sociology, 793, 589–603.
Pali, S. (2010). “Ein Pilger ist der, welcher geht, und der, welcher sucht.” Eine Längsschnittstudie zu Lebenssinn und Lebensbedeutungen bei Pilgern des Jakobswegs [“A pilgrim is he who walks and he who searches.” A longitudinal study on meaning in life and sources of meaning among pilgrims of the Camino] (Unpublished thesis). Innsbruck University, Austria.
Platvoet, J. (1995). Ritual in plural and pluralist societies: Instruments for analysis. In J. Platvoet & K. v. d. Toorn (Eds.), Pluralism and identity (pp. 25–51). Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2003). A framework for the study of implicit religion: The psychological theory of implicit religiosity. Implicit Religion, 6, 86–1
Schnell, Tatjana, & Becker, P. (2006). Personality and meaning in life. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 117–129.
Schnell, Tatjana, & Becker, P. (2007). Der Fragebogen zu Lebensbedeutungen und Lebenssinn (LeBe) [The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe)]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2009a). Implizite Religiosität: Zur Psychologie des Lebenssinns [Implicit religiosity: On the psychology of meaning in life] (Rev. ed.). Lengerich: Pabst.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2009b). The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 483–499.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2010). Existential indifference: Another quality of meaning in life. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 50, 351–373.
Schnell, Tatjana. (2011b). Experiential validity: Psychological approaches to the sacred. Implicit Religion, 14, 387–404.
Schnell, Tatjana & Pali, Sarah. (2013). Pilgrimage today: the meaningmaking potential of ritual, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 16:9, 887-902, DOI: 10.1080/13674676.2013.766449
Selvini-Palazzoli, M., Boscolo, L., Cecchin, G. F., & Prata, G. (1977). Family rituals as powerful tool in family therapy. Family Process, 16, 445–454.
Shuo, Y. S. S., Ryan, C., & Liu, G. M. (2009). Taoism, temples and tourists: The case of Mazu pilgrimage tourism. Tourism Management, 30, 581–588.
Swatos, W. H. Jr., & Tomasi, L. (2002). From medieval pilgrimage to religious tourism: The social and cultural economics of piety. Westport, CT: Praeger
Turner, V., & Turner, E. (1969). The ritual process. London: Routledge.
Turner, V., & Turner, E. (1978). Image and pilgrimage in Christian culture. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Welter-Enderlin, R., & Hildenbrand, B. (Eds.). (2002). Rituale – Vielfalt in Alltag und Therapie [Rituals - variety in everyday life and therapy]. Heidelberg: Carl-Auer-SystemeVerlag