The Effect of Replacing Sorghum Grains with Corn Along with Phytase and NSP Enzymes on Yield and Blood Parameters of Broilers
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Published:
Jan 18, 2024
Keywords:
broiler, enzyme, NSP, phytase, sorghum
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Abstract
In this research, the effects of replacing grain sorghum with corn along with phytase and NSP enzymes on the performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens were investigated. Different levels of grain sorghum (0, 5, and 10%) and two levels of phytase enzyme and NSP (0 and 0.1%) were used in feeding broilers. At the end of the period (42 days old), blood samples were taken and blood serum parameters were measured. During the test period, the amount of feed consumed, daily weight gain, food conversion ratio, and carcass characteristics were measured. The experimental treatments include 1- control diet (without sorghum and no enzyme), 2- control diet + without sorghum + 0.1 enzyme, 3- control diet + 5% sorghum + without enzyme, 4- control diet + 5% sorghum + 1 0. enzyme, 5- control diet + 10% sorghum + no enzyme and 6- control diet + 10% sorghum + 0.1 enzyme. The statistical design used in this experiment was a 2x3 factorial method in the form of a completely random design, with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions (15 chickens in each repetition), and a total of 270 Ross 308 strain broiler chickens were used. The results of the feed consumption showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the main effect of sorghum in the first and sixth weeks and in the main effect of enzyme only in the last week (p<0.05). The results of live weight gain showed that a statistically significant difference was observed only in the main effect of sorghum in the fifth and sixth weeks (p<0.05), (p<0.05) so the ratio without sorghum had the highest amount of live weight. The results of food conversion ratio showed that only in the main effect of sorghum, a statistically significant difference was observed in the fifth week (p<0.05), so the diet without sorghum showed the highest food conversion ratio. The results of the carcass traits showed that a statistically significant difference in the weight of the liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and, cecum was observed only in the main effect of sorghum (p<0.05). The results of blood tests at the end of the experiment showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the amount of cholesterol, HDL, and LDL in the main effect of sorghum (p<0.05). The general results of the research showed that the addition of different levels of sorghum and enzymes in the diet did not have a favorable effect on the amount of feed consumption, live weight, and carcass traits, but the level of 10% sorghum improved the food conversion ratio in some weeks of the experiment.
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The Effect of Replacing Sorghum Grains with Corn Along with Phytase and NSP Enzymes on Yield and Blood Parameters of Broilers. (2024). Jurnal Biota, 10(1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.19109/Biota.v10i1.19160
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How to Cite
The Effect of Replacing Sorghum Grains with Corn Along with Phytase and NSP Enzymes on Yield and Blood Parameters of Broilers. (2024). Jurnal Biota, 10(1), 24-34. https://doi.org/10.19109/Biota.v10i1.19160
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[24] T. Ao, A. H. Cantor, A. J. Pescatore, and J. L. Pierce, “In vitro evaluation of feed-grade enzyme activity at pH levels simulating various parts of the avian digestive tract,” Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., vol. 140, no. 3–4, pp. 462–468, Jan. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.004.
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[28] H. Nasirimoghadam, M. A. Mehr, L. Zartash, and M. Salemi, “Effect of Different Levels of Extruded Soybean and Avizyme Enzyme on Broiler Performance,” Iran. J. Anim. Sci. Res., vol. 3, no. 2, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.22067/ijasr.v3i2.11011.
[2] H. Kioumarsi et al., “Estimation of Relationships Between Components of Carcass Quality and Quantity in Taleshi Lambs,” Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 337–343, Aug. 2008, doi: 10.3923/ajava.2008.337.343.
[3] H. Kioumarsi, Z. S. Yahaya, and A. W. Rahman, “The effect of molasses/mineral feed blocks and medicated blocks on performance, efficiency and carcass characteristics of Boer goats,” Ann. Biol. Res., vol. 3, no. 9, pp. 4574–4577, 2012.
[4] M. Sadeghi et al., “lncRNA–miRNA–mRNA ceRNA Network Involved in Sheep Prolificacy: An Integrated Approach,” Genes, vol. 13, no. 8, p. 1295, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.3390/genes13081295.
[5] H. Ayalew et al., “Potential Feed Additives as Antibiotic Alternatives in Broiler Production,” Front. Vet. Sci., vol. 9, p. 916473, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.916473.
[6] Z. R. Wang, S. Y. Qiao, W. Q. Lu, and D. F. Li, “Effects of enzyme supplementation on performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal morphology, and volatile fatty acid profiles in the hindgut of broilers fed wheat-based diets,” Poult. Sci., vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 875–881, Jun. 2005, doi: 10.1093/ps/84.6.875.
[7] M. P. Sirappa, “Prospek pengembangan sorgum di Indonesia sebagai komoditas alternatif untuk pangan, pakan, dan industry,” Penelit Dan Pengemb Pertan, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 133–140, 2003.
[8] H. Kioumarsi, Z. S. Yahaya, W. A. Rahman, and P. Chandrawat, “A New Strategy that Can Improve Commercial Productivity of Raising Boer Goats in Malaysia,” Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 476–481, Apr. 2011, doi: 10.3923/ajava.2011.476.481.
[9] D. Li, X. Che, Y. Wang, C. Hong, and P. A. Thacker, “Effect of microbial phytase, vitamin D3, and citric acid on growth performance and phosphorus, nitrogen and calcium digestibility in growing swine,” Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., vol. 73, no. 1–2, pp. 173–186, Jul. 1998, doi: 10.1016/S0377-8401(98)00124-2.
[10] N. Morgan, M. M. Bhuiyan, and R. Hopcroft, “Non-starch polysaccharide degradation in the gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens fed commercial-type diets supplemented with either a single dose of xylanase, a double dose of xylanase, or a cocktail of non-starch polysaccharide-degrading enzymes,” Poult. Sci., vol. 101, no. 6, p. 101846, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101846.
[11] S. Daramola, A. Sekoni, J. Omage, S. Duru, and O. Odegbile, “Performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing four varieties of Sorghum bicolor supplemented with Maxigrain enzyme,” Niger. J. Anim. Sci., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 70–80, Oct. 2020.
[12] H. Hajati, M. Rezaei, and A. Hassanabadi, “The Effect of Different Severities of Diet Dilution and Using a Supplemental Enzyme on Performance of Broiler Chickens,” Iran. J. Anim. Sci. Res., vol. 4, no. 3, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.22067/ijasr.v4i3.16218.
[13] H. G. Walters, M. Coelho, C. D. Coufal, and J. T. Lee, “Effects of Increasing Phytase Inclusion Levels on Broiler Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Bone Mineralization in Low-Phosphorus Diets,” J. Appl. Poult. Res., vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1210–1225, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.3382/japr/pfz087.
[14] S. Goli and H. A. Shahryar, “Effect of Enzymes Supplementation (Rovabio and Kemin) on some Blood Biochemical Parameters, Performance and Carcass Characterizes in Broiler Chickens,” Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 127–131, Mar. 2015.
[15] A. J. Cowieson, “Factors that affect the nutritional value of maize for broilers,” Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., vol. 119, no. 3–4, pp. 293–305, Apr. 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2004.12.017.
[16] T. Antoniou, R. R. Marquardt, and P. E. Cansfield, “Isolation, partial characterization, and antinutritional activity of a factor (pentosans) in rye grain,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 1240–1247, Nov. 1981, doi: 10.1021/jf00108a035.
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[18] R. Kriseldi, M. R. Bedford, R. N. Dilger, C. D. Foradori, L. MacKay, and W. A. Dozier, “Effects of phytase supplementation and increased nutrient density on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and hypothalamic appetitive hormone expression and catecholamine concentrations in broilers from 1 to 43 days of age,” Poult. Sci., vol. 100, no. 12, p. 101495, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101495.
[19] P. Li et al., “Effect of rapeseed meal degraded by enzymolysis and fermentation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility and health status of broilers,” Arch. Anim. Nutr., vol. 76, no. 3–6, pp. 221–232, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1080/1745039X.2022.2162801.
[20] G. Ndazigaruye et al., “Effects of Low-Protein Diets and Exogenous Protease on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits, Intestinal Morphology, Cecal Volatile Fatty Acids and Serum Parameters in Broilers,” Animals, vol. 9, no. 5, p. 226, May 2019, doi: 10.3390/ani9050226.
[21] P. H. Selle, D. J. Cadogan, X. Li, and W. L. Bryden, “Implications of sorghum in broiler chicken nutrition,” Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., vol. 156, no. 3–4, pp. 57–74, Mar. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.01.004.
[22] M. S. Adamu, H. I. Kubkomawa, U. D. Doma, and A. Duduwa, “Carcass and Gut Characteristics of Broilers Fed Diets Cont Yellow Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) Variety in Place of Maize,” Int. J. Sustain. Agric. Res., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 8–11, 2012.
[23] S. S. Zhai et al., “Effects of sources and levels of liquor distiller’s grains with solubles on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and serum parameters of Cherry Valley ducks,” Poult. Sci., vol. 99, no. 11, pp. 6258–6266, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.025.
[24] T. Ao, A. H. Cantor, A. J. Pescatore, and J. L. Pierce, “In vitro evaluation of feed-grade enzyme activity at pH levels simulating various parts of the avian digestive tract,” Anim. Feed Sci. Technol., vol. 140, no. 3–4, pp. 462–468, Jan. 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.004.
[25] N. L. Dyubele, V. Muchenje, T. T. Nkukwana, and M. Chimonyo, “Consumer sensory characteristics of broiler and indigenous chicken meat: A South African example,” Food Qual. Prefer., vol. 21, no. 7, pp. 815–819, Oct. 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2010.04.005.
[26] F. Manyeula, V. Mlambo, U. Marume, and N. A. Sebola, “Partial replacement of soybean products with canola meal in indigenous chicken diets: size of internal organs, carcass characteristics and breast meat quality,” Poult. Sci., vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 256–262, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.3382/ps/pez470.
[27] C. Moses, F. Manyeula, M. V. Radikara, M. H. D. Mareko, and O. R. Madibela, “Carcass Characteristics and Meat Quality of Ross 308 Broiler Chickens Fed Malted Red and White Sorghum-Based Diets,” Poultry, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 169–179, Aug. 2022, doi: 10.3390/poultry1030015.
[28] H. Nasirimoghadam, M. A. Mehr, L. Zartash, and M. Salemi, “Effect of Different Levels of Extruded Soybean and Avizyme Enzyme on Broiler Performance,” Iran. J. Anim. Sci. Res., vol. 3, no. 2, Jan. 2011, doi: 10.22067/ijasr.v3i2.11011.