Pistia stratiotes as Effective Larvicide against Aedes aegypti
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Kata Kunci:
Ekstrak daun apu-apu, Demam Berdarah Dengue, Larva Aedes aegypti, Mortalitas.
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World Health Organization (WHO) mencatat bahwa Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue tertinggi di Asia Tenggara. Upaya pengendalian meliputi pengamatan dan pemantauan vektor, salah satunya dengan larvasida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas ekstrak daun Apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes) dalam menghambat pertumbuhan larva instar III Aedes aegypti. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan pada penelitian ini diulang 3 kali dengan menggunakan 4 perlakuan (perlakuan kontrol negatif, diberikan ekstrak 10 ml, 30 ml, 50 ml). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun apu-apu memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda pada setiap konsentrasi uji (10ml, 30ml dan 50ml). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka semakin besar mortalitas larva Aedes aegypti. Uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun apu-apu (Pistia stratiotes) berpengaruh dengan F=94,667, p=0,000 terhadap mortalitas larva. Kemampuan ekstrak daun apu-apu membunuh larva pada nilai LC50 adalah 4,0% per menit, dianalisis menggunakan regresi probit.
Kata kunci: Ekstrak daun apu-apu, Demam Berdarah Dengue, Larva Aedes aegypti, Mortalitas.
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Pistia stratiotes as Effective Larvicide against Aedes aegypti. (2022). Biota, 8(2), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.19109/Biota.v8i2.12500
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Cara Mengutip
Pistia stratiotes as Effective Larvicide against Aedes aegypti. (2022). Biota, 8(2), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.19109/Biota.v8i2.12500
Referensi
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Cania B dan Setyaningrum E. (2013). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Legundi (Vitextrifolia) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti. Lampung: Medical Journal. 2(4).2332-3776.
Chang J, Schul W, Butters TD, Yip A, Liu B, Goh A, Lakshminarayana SB, Alonzi D, Reinkensmeier G, Pan X, Qu X, Weidner JM, Wang L, Yu W, Borune N, Kinch MA, Rayahin JE, Moriarty R, Xu X, Shi PY, Guo JT, Block TM. (2011). Combination of α-glucosidase inhibitor and ribavirin for the treatment of dengue virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res, 89: 26-34. http://doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.08.003.
Che P, Wang L, Li Q. (2009). The development, optimization and validation of an assay for high throughput antiviral drug screening against Dengue virus. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2: 363-373.
Churrotin S, Kotaki T, Sucipto TH, Ahwanah NL, Deka PT, Mulyatno KC, Utami DA, Ranasasmita R, Soegijanto S, Kameoka M. (2006). Dengue virus type 1 strain isolated in Indonesia shows a close phylogenetic relationship with the strains that caused the autochthonous dengue outbreak in Japan in 2014. Jpn J Infect Dis;69:442–4. http://doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.516.
Deuis JR, Mueller A, Israel MR, Vetter I. (2017). The pharmacology of voltage-gated sodium channel activators. Neuropharmacology; 127:87-108. http://doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.014.
E. E. Ito, J. C. Nmor, J. E. G. Ake and K. Utebor. (2015). Larvicidal Activity of Pistia stratiotes (Water Lettuce) against Larvae of Aedes aegypti . Advances in Research 3(6): 589-595, 2015. http://doi: 10.9734/AIR/2015/13667.
Fidayanto, R., Susanto, H., Yohanan, A., & Yudhastuti, R. (2013). Control Model of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 7(11), 522– 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v7i11.366
Gunawan, G., Chikmawati, T., Sobir, S., & Sulistijorini, S. (2016). Review: Fitokimia genus Baccaurea spp. Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, 2(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.23917/bioekspe rimen.v2i2.2488.
Harapan, Michie A., Mudatsir, Sasmono, T.R, Imrie, A. et al. (2019). BMC Res Notes 12:350 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4379-9.
Hayden E, Yamin G, Beroukhim S, et al. (2015). Inhibiting amyloid β-protein assembly: size–activity relationships among grape seed- derived polyphenols. J Neurochem 135, 416–430. http:// doi:10.1111/jnc.13270.
Hu Y, Yanhong S, Jing Z, et al. (2009). Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel flavonoid derivatives as dual binding acetyl- cholinesterase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 24, 372–380. http://doi: 10.1080/14756360802187885.
Kiat TS, Pippen R, Yusof R, Ibrahim H, Khalid N, Rahman NA. (2006). Inhibitory activity of cyclohexenyl chalcone derivatives and flavonoids of fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda (L.), towards dengue-2 virus NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 16: 3337-40. http://doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.075.
King CC, Chao DY, Chien LJ, Chang GJJ, Lin TH, Wu YC, Huang JH. (2008). Comparative analysis of full genomic sequences among different genotypes of dengue virus type 3. Virol J;5:63.http://doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-5-63.
Kotaki T, Yamanaka A, Mulyatno KC, Churrotin S, Labiqah A, Sucipto TH, Soegi- janto S, Kameoka M, Konishi E. (2014). Continuous dengue type 1 virus genotype shifts followed by co-circulation, clade shifts and subsequent disappearance in Surabaya, Indonesia, 2008–2013. Infect Genet Evol;28:48–54. http:// doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.002.
Kudom, A.A., Mensah, B.A. & Botchey, M.A. (2011). Aqueous neem extract versus neem powder on Culex quinque- fasciatus: Implication for control anthropogenic habitats. Journal of Insects Science 142(11): 1-9. http://doi:10.1673/031.011.14201.
Raekiansyah M, Pramesyanti A, Bela B, Kosasih H, Ma’roef CN, Tobing SY, Rudiman PI, Alisjahbana B,Endi TP,Green S,et al. (2005). Genetic variation sand relationship among dengue virus type 3 strains isolated from patients with mild or severe form of dengue disease in Indonesia and Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ;36(5):1187–97.
Sanchez I, Gomez-Garibay F, Taboada J, Ruiz BH. (2000). Antiviral effect of flavonoids on the dengue virus.Phytother Res, 14: 89-92. http://doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(200003)14:2<89::aid-ptr569>3.0.co;2-c.
Shu PY, Su CL, Liao TL, Yang CF, Chang SF, Lin CC, Chang MC, Hu HC, Huang JH. (2009). Molecular characterization of dengue viruses imported into Taiwan dur- ing 2003–2007: geographic distribution and genotype shift. Am J Trop Med Hyg ;80(6):1039–46.
Thu HM, Lowry K, Myint TT, Shwe TN, Han AM, Khin KK, Thant KZ, Thein S, Aaskov J. (2004). Myanmar dengue outbreak associated with displacement of serotypes 2, 3, and 4 by dengue 1. Emerg Infect Dis;10(4):593–7. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1004.030216.
Panche, A. D. Diwan, and S. R. Chandra. (2016). Flavonoids: an overview . Journal of Nutritional Science, vol. 5, e47, page 1 of 15. http://doi:10.1017/jns.2016.41.
Pongsiri P, Themboonlers A, Poovorawan Y. (2012). Changing pattern of dengue virus serotypes in Thailand between 2004 and 2010. J Health Popul Nutr ;30(3):366–70.
Lam, S.K. (1994). Two decades of dengue in Malaysia. Tropical Medicine 35(4): 195- 200.
Marjorie, M.C. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Micro- biology 12: 564-582. http://doi: 10.1128/CMR.12.4.564.
Muhammad Azami, N.A., Salleh, S.A., Neoh, H.M., Syed Zakaria, S.Z. & Jamal, R. (2011). Dengue epidemic in Malaysia: Not a predominantly urban disease anymore. BMC Research Notes 4 (1): 216. http://doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-216.
Oliveira, P.V., Ferreira, J.C., Moura, F.S., Lima, G.S., de Oliveira, F.M., Oliveira, P.E., Conserva, L.M., Giulietti, A.M. & Lemos, R.P. (2010). Larvicidal activity of 94 extracts from ten plant species of northeastern of Brazil against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Para- sitology Research 107: 403-407. http://doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-1880-4.
World Health Organization (2006a). Pesticides and their application for the control of vectors and pests of public health importance, 6th ed. Geneva, World Health Organization. WHO/CDS/NTD/ WHOPES/GCDPP/2006.1
World Health Organization (2006b). Pyriproxyfen: 4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2- (2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether. Geneva, World Health Organization.
Zandi K, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Wong PF, Mustafa MR, Abubakar S. (2011). In vitro antiviral activity of fisetin, rutin and naringeninagainst dengue virus
Applebaum S.W., Marco S., and Y. Birk. (1969). Saponins as Possible Factors of Resistance of Legume Seeds to the Attack of Insects. Journal of Agriculture Food Chemistry 17: 618–622. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60163a020
Cania B dan Setyaningrum E. (2013). Uji Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Legundi (Vitextrifolia) Terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti. Lampung: Medical Journal. 2(4).2332-3776.
Chang J, Schul W, Butters TD, Yip A, Liu B, Goh A, Lakshminarayana SB, Alonzi D, Reinkensmeier G, Pan X, Qu X, Weidner JM, Wang L, Yu W, Borune N, Kinch MA, Rayahin JE, Moriarty R, Xu X, Shi PY, Guo JT, Block TM. (2011). Combination of α-glucosidase inhibitor and ribavirin for the treatment of dengue virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Antiviral Res, 89: 26-34. http://doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2011.08.003.
Che P, Wang L, Li Q. (2009). The development, optimization and validation of an assay for high throughput antiviral drug screening against Dengue virus. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2: 363-373.
Churrotin S, Kotaki T, Sucipto TH, Ahwanah NL, Deka PT, Mulyatno KC, Utami DA, Ranasasmita R, Soegijanto S, Kameoka M. (2006). Dengue virus type 1 strain isolated in Indonesia shows a close phylogenetic relationship with the strains that caused the autochthonous dengue outbreak in Japan in 2014. Jpn J Infect Dis;69:442–4. http://doi: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2015.516.
Deuis JR, Mueller A, Israel MR, Vetter I. (2017). The pharmacology of voltage-gated sodium channel activators. Neuropharmacology; 127:87-108. http://doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.014.
E. E. Ito, J. C. Nmor, J. E. G. Ake and K. Utebor. (2015). Larvicidal Activity of Pistia stratiotes (Water Lettuce) against Larvae of Aedes aegypti . Advances in Research 3(6): 589-595, 2015. http://doi: 10.9734/AIR/2015/13667.
Fidayanto, R., Susanto, H., Yohanan, A., & Yudhastuti, R. (2013). Control Model of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 7(11), 522– 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.21109/kesmas.v7i11.366
Gunawan, G., Chikmawati, T., Sobir, S., & Sulistijorini, S. (2016). Review: Fitokimia genus Baccaurea spp. Bioeksperimen: Jurnal Penelitian Biologi, 2(2), 96. https://doi.org/10.23917/bioekspe rimen.v2i2.2488.
Harapan, Michie A., Mudatsir, Sasmono, T.R, Imrie, A. et al. (2019). BMC Res Notes 12:350 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4379-9.
Hayden E, Yamin G, Beroukhim S, et al. (2015). Inhibiting amyloid β-protein assembly: size–activity relationships among grape seed- derived polyphenols. J Neurochem 135, 416–430. http:// doi:10.1111/jnc.13270.
Hu Y, Yanhong S, Jing Z, et al. (2009). Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel flavonoid derivatives as dual binding acetyl- cholinesterase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 24, 372–380. http://doi: 10.1080/14756360802187885.
Kiat TS, Pippen R, Yusof R, Ibrahim H, Khalid N, Rahman NA. (2006). Inhibitory activity of cyclohexenyl chalcone derivatives and flavonoids of fingerroot, Boesenbergia rotunda (L.), towards dengue-2 virus NS3 protease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 16: 3337-40. http://doi: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.075.
King CC, Chao DY, Chien LJ, Chang GJJ, Lin TH, Wu YC, Huang JH. (2008). Comparative analysis of full genomic sequences among different genotypes of dengue virus type 3. Virol J;5:63.http://doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-5-63.
Kotaki T, Yamanaka A, Mulyatno KC, Churrotin S, Labiqah A, Sucipto TH, Soegi- janto S, Kameoka M, Konishi E. (2014). Continuous dengue type 1 virus genotype shifts followed by co-circulation, clade shifts and subsequent disappearance in Surabaya, Indonesia, 2008–2013. Infect Genet Evol;28:48–54. http:// doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.09.002.
Kudom, A.A., Mensah, B.A. & Botchey, M.A. (2011). Aqueous neem extract versus neem powder on Culex quinque- fasciatus: Implication for control anthropogenic habitats. Journal of Insects Science 142(11): 1-9. http://doi:10.1673/031.011.14201.
Raekiansyah M, Pramesyanti A, Bela B, Kosasih H, Ma’roef CN, Tobing SY, Rudiman PI, Alisjahbana B,Endi TP,Green S,et al. (2005). Genetic variation sand relationship among dengue virus type 3 strains isolated from patients with mild or severe form of dengue disease in Indonesia and Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ;36(5):1187–97.
Sanchez I, Gomez-Garibay F, Taboada J, Ruiz BH. (2000). Antiviral effect of flavonoids on the dengue virus.Phytother Res, 14: 89-92. http://doi: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(200003)14:2<89::aid-ptr569>3.0.co;2-c.
Shu PY, Su CL, Liao TL, Yang CF, Chang SF, Lin CC, Chang MC, Hu HC, Huang JH. (2009). Molecular characterization of dengue viruses imported into Taiwan dur- ing 2003–2007: geographic distribution and genotype shift. Am J Trop Med Hyg ;80(6):1039–46.
Thu HM, Lowry K, Myint TT, Shwe TN, Han AM, Khin KK, Thant KZ, Thein S, Aaskov J. (2004). Myanmar dengue outbreak associated with displacement of serotypes 2, 3, and 4 by dengue 1. Emerg Infect Dis;10(4):593–7. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1004.030216.
Panche, A. D. Diwan, and S. R. Chandra. (2016). Flavonoids: an overview . Journal of Nutritional Science, vol. 5, e47, page 1 of 15. http://doi:10.1017/jns.2016.41.
Pongsiri P, Themboonlers A, Poovorawan Y. (2012). Changing pattern of dengue virus serotypes in Thailand between 2004 and 2010. J Health Popul Nutr ;30(3):366–70.
Lam, S.K. (1994). Two decades of dengue in Malaysia. Tropical Medicine 35(4): 195- 200.
Marjorie, M.C. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clinical Micro- biology 12: 564-582. http://doi: 10.1128/CMR.12.4.564.
Muhammad Azami, N.A., Salleh, S.A., Neoh, H.M., Syed Zakaria, S.Z. & Jamal, R. (2011). Dengue epidemic in Malaysia: Not a predominantly urban disease anymore. BMC Research Notes 4 (1): 216. http://doi: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-216.
Oliveira, P.V., Ferreira, J.C., Moura, F.S., Lima, G.S., de Oliveira, F.M., Oliveira, P.E., Conserva, L.M., Giulietti, A.M. & Lemos, R.P. (2010). Larvicidal activity of 94 extracts from ten plant species of northeastern of Brazil against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae). Para- sitology Research 107: 403-407. http://doi: 10.1007/s00436-010-1880-4.
World Health Organization (2006a). Pesticides and their application for the control of vectors and pests of public health importance, 6th ed. Geneva, World Health Organization. WHO/CDS/NTD/ WHOPES/GCDPP/2006.1
World Health Organization (2006b). Pyriproxyfen: 4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2- (2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether. Geneva, World Health Organization.
Zandi K, Teoh BT, Sam SS, Wong PF, Mustafa MR, Abubakar S. (2011). In vitro antiviral activity of fisetin, rutin and naringeninagainst dengue virus