Locomotion Index and Retinal Thickness of the Eye Anguilla bicolor bicolor in its Developmental Stage
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Abstract
When migrating to the deep sea, the eye of the eel which functions for locomotion will adapt to the deep environment. This study is the first study to identify the locomotion index and the retinal structure at the stage glass eel, elver, yellow, and silver eel Anguilla bicolor bicolor. Character and habitat information for each stage of eel can be used as a conservation strategy. Seventeen eel fish samples were collected from the Pasir Puncu River in Purworejo. Observation of the Locomotion Index is done by comparing the Eye Index (EI), Pectoral Fin Index (PFI), Anal Fin Index (AFI), and Dorsal Fin Index (DFI) at several stages of development of eel, while histologically the observations were carried out with analyzing the retina structure and the thickness of Rod and Cone Layer (RCL), Outer Nuclear Layer (ONL), Inner Nuclear Layer (INL), Ganglion Layer (GL) and Nerve Fiber Layer (NFL). Based on these observations it can be seen that the retina (RC, ONL, INL, GL, NFL) will have increased from yellow to the silver stage, this is due to adaptation eels that adapt to new habitats. The locomotion index shows that the more developed the pectoral fins, the greater the thickness of the NFL, which indicates the greater the number of nerves used for adaptation in the ocean. In the early elver stage, eels tend to swim on the surface of the water in brackish waters. At the yellow eel stage, the eels have started swimming on the bottom of the water that is rich in the substrate with darker environmental characteristics, while at the silver stage, the eel will begin to adjust to the darker deep sea.
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Locomotion Index and Retinal Thickness of the Eye Anguilla bicolor bicolor in its Developmental Stage. (2023). Jurnal Biota, 9(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.19109/Biota.v9i1.13356
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How to Cite
Locomotion Index and Retinal Thickness of the Eye Anguilla bicolor bicolor in its Developmental Stage. (2023). Jurnal Biota, 9(1), 15-24. https://doi.org/10.19109/Biota.v9i1.13356
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Beullens, K., Eding, E. H., Oleviera, F., Komen, J., and Richter, C. J. J. (1997). Sex differentiation, changes in length, weight and eye size before and after metamorphosis of European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) maintained in captivity. Aquaculture 153: 151 – 162. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=NL1998001289
Bowmaker, J. K., Semo, M., Hunt, D. M., & Jeffery, G. (2008). Eel visual pigments revisited: the fate of retinal cones during metamorphosis. Visual neuroscience, 25(3), 249–255. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952523808080152
Durif, C., Dufour P. and Elie P. (2005). The silvering process of Anguilla anguilla: a new classification from the yellow resident to the silver migrating stage. Journal of Fish Biology. 66, 1025-1043. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00662
Evans, BI, and HI Brown. (2002). Variation in the Development of the Fish Retina. American fisheries Society Symposium 40: 145 – 166.
Fritsches, K.A., Marshall, N.J., & Warrant, E.J. (2003). Retinal specializations in the blue marlin: eyes designed for sensitivity to low light levels. Marine and Freshwater Research, 54, 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1071/MF02126
Fontaine, Y.A., Pisam, M., Le Moal, C. et al. (1995). Silvering and gill “mitochondria-rich” cells in the eel, Anguilla anguilla. Cell Tissue Res. 281, 465–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00417863
Grillner, S. (2011). Brain and Nervous System. Motor Control System of Fish. Encyclopedia of Fish Physiology, 56-65.
Hagihara, S., Aoyama, J., Limbong, D., & Tsukamoto, K. (2012). Morphological and physiological changes of female tropical eels, Anguilla celebesensis and Anguilla marmorata, in relation to downstream migration. Journal of Fish Biology, 81(2), 408–426. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1095-8649.2012.03332.X
Okamura, A. et al., 2007. A silvering index for the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80(1), pp.77–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9121-5
Mescher, Anthony. L. (2017). ‘Histologi Dasar Junqueira: Teks dan Atlas, Ed. 14’; alih bahasa, Jan Tambayong; editor edisi bahasa, Felicia Susanti et al. pp. 553-572. (Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC: Jakarta, Indonesia)
Pankhurst, N. W. (1982). Relation of visual changes to the onset of sexual maturation in the European eel Anguilla anguilla L. Journal of Fish Biology 21, 127-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1982.tb03994.x
Pankhurst, N. W. and Lythgoe, J. N. (1983). Changes in vision and olfaction during sexual maturation in the European eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) Journal of Fish Biology 21, 279 – 296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1983.tb02898.x
Septriani, N.I., Hewavitarane, C.A., Retnoaji, B., and Mochioka, N. (2019). Morphological Changes in Silvering Stages of Anguilla bicolor bicolor collected from Segara Anakan, Central Java, Indonesia. La Mer 57 https://doi.org/10.32211/lamer.57.3-4_0
Wang, F. Y., Tang, M. Y., & Yan, H. Y. (2011). A comparative study on the visual adaptations of four species of moray eel. Vision Research, 51(9), 1099–1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.VISRES.2011.02.025
Wilga, CD, GV, Lader. (1999). Locomotion in Sturgeon: Function of the Pectoral Fins. The Jornal of Experimental Biology 202, 2413–2432. DOI:10.1242/jeb.202.18.2413
Yamada, Y., Zhang, H., Okamura, A., Tanaka, S., Horie, N., Mikawa, N., Utoh, T., and Oka, P. (2005). Morphological and histological changes in the swim bladder during maturation of the Japaese eel. Journal of Fish Biology 58(3), 804-814. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2001.tb00532.x
Zacchei, A. M., & Tavolaro, P. (2009). Lateral line system during the life cycle of anguilla anguilla (L.). Https://Doi.Org/10.1080/11250008809386611, 55(1–4), 145–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/11250008809386611