The Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolism and Immune Response: A Literature Review on Metabolic Health

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Published: May 1, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.19109/biota.v0i0.25315
Keywords:
Dysbiosis; Gut Microbiota; Immune System; Metabolic Health; SCFA

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Delia Yusfarani
Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Uswatun Hasanah
Department of Hadith Studies, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Philosophy Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Anita Restu Puji Raharjeng
Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Andi Saputra
Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Muhammad Alif Saputra
Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Ikhwan Hafizh Mauludi
Ar-Rasyid Islamic Hospital Palembang, South Sumatera, Indonesia
Kenny Edward Yap
Philippine Society for Cosmetic Surgery Makati City, Metro Manila, Philippines

Abstract

The gut microbiota, a community of microorganisms within the digestive tract, plays a pivotal role in human health by regulating both immune function and metabolism. This review examines the contributions of the gut microbiota to immune responses and metabolic health, as well as its role in preventing chronic diseases. We employed a mixed-methods (qualitative and quantitative) literature review spanning the last 50 years and analyzed 100 articles related to Gut Microbiota in Metabolism and Immune Response. The inclusion criteria encompassed all studies focusing on the gut microbiota’s impact on metabolic and immune functions, while non-relevant studies were excluded. Our analysis highlights recent findings on the microbiota’s ability to produce metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and reinforce mucosal integrity. A balanced gut microbiota supports immune regulation, inhibits pathogen colonization, and optimizes metabolic processes. However, lifestyle factors—including high-sugar, low-fiber diets, antibiotic misuse, stress, and insufficient sleep—can disrupt this microbial equilibrium and lead to dysbiosis. Such imbalances can precipitate metabolic and inflammatory disorders, including diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular conditions. This review underscores the importance of maintaining a balanced gut microbiota for disease prevention and long-term health, as well as the need to raise awareness about the impact of lifestyle choices on gut health.

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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolism and Immune Response: A Literature Review on Metabolic Health. (2025). Jurnal Biota. https://doi.org/10.19109/biota.v0i0.25315
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The Role of Gut Microbiota in Metabolism and Immune Response: A Literature Review on Metabolic Health. (2025). Jurnal Biota. https://doi.org/10.19109/biota.v0i0.25315

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